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Rightly Guided Caliphs
Early Islamic Caliphates
Expansion of the Islamic Empire
Islamic Schism
Seljuks and Ottomans
100
The last of the "Rightly Guided Caliphs", this man was hesitant about becoming the leader of the Muslim community but felt obligated to do so since he was the both the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad.
Ali
100
To which city did the Abbasid caliphate move the Islamic empire's capital?
Baghdad, Iraq
100
Which battle is credited with stopping the Muslim invasion of Europe?
Battle of Tours
100
The majority of the world's Muslims belong to this group
Sunni
100
How did the Seljuk Turks gain power under the Abbasid Caliphate?
The Abbasid hired them as mercenary soldiers
200
The first of the "Rightfully Guided Caliphs" and Muhammad's father-in-law, this man ordered the writing of the Quran.
Abu Bakr
200
To which city did the Umayyad move the Islamic empire's capital?
Damascus, Syria
200
What group eventually ended the expansion of the Muslim empire in Western Europe?
The Franks
200
This group, called the “Party of Ali”, claimed that Ali was the rightful successor to the prophet Muhammad following his death.
Shia
200
Which city did the Seljuk Turks take control of in 1055, making them the leaders of the Abbasid Caliphate?
Baghdad
300
This caliph was a great military leader who expanded the empire into Syria and Egypt
Omar
300
Which early Islamic caliphate ruled the largest land empire up until that point in history?
The Umayyad
300
What methods did the early Islamic Empire use to expand?
1) Conquest, 2) Treaties, 3) Bribery
300
This group, called the “People of the Tradition”, believed that they are the orthodox (correct) branch of Islam.
Sunni
300
What city did the Ottomans conquer in 1453, and who was in charge of this conquest?
Constantinople, lead by Mehmet
400
This third “Rightly Guided Caliph” is credited with selecting the official version of the Quran
Uthman
400
How did the Abbasid Caliphate justify their rule?
Blood (family) connection to Muhammad
400
What are three reasons why historians say the Battle of Tours is one of the most important battles in all of history?
1) Saved Christian civilization, 2) United Christianity in the West behind Charles Martel, and 3) The Umayyad never attacked, in such force, again
400
What is the most important issue that caused the Islamic Schism?
Who should lead the Islamic Empire
400
Who lead the Ottomans during their "Golden Age," and what was his major accomplishment?
Sultan Suleiman; he unified Muslims in Eastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean, bringing peace and stability to the Islamic Empire
500
What are the two main things most/all four of the "Rightly Guided Caliphs" have in common?
1) They all personally knew Muhammad, 2) They were assassinated (killed)
500
What three things made some groups living in the Islamic Empire hate the Umayyad?
1) their lavish (fancy) lifestyle, 2) responsibility for the assassination of Muhammad's grandson, and 3) the taxation of non-Arabs
500
Name four reasons why historians say the Battle of Tours is noteworthy but not as important as some claim.
1) The lack of cities in Europe, 2) The Umayyad were not familiar with the climate, 3) There were not many historical accounts of the battle, 4) The Franks and Umayyad still traded and created political agreements after the battle
500
This group thought they should have been leaders of the Islamic Empire and rebelled against Ali.
The Umayyad
500
How did the Ottomans ensure social and religious stability, and what was this system called?
They allowed people of all faiths to live in their empire with considerable religious freedom (creating their own rules, choosing their own leaders, etc.); this is called the millet system