geography
What is the region where Islam began?
Middle East
Who is the founder of Islam?
Muhammad
What is a caliph?
Successor of Muhammad and chief Muslim ruler
Which group believes any qualified member of the community can lead?
Sunni
Name one way Islam spread.
Trade, missionaries, pilgrims, or military conquest
What is one major geographic feature of the Arabian Peninsula?
Deserts or mountain barriers
What is the sacred text of Islam?
The Quran
What is a caliphate?
An empire ruled by a caliph
Which group believes the leader must be a blood relative of Muhammad?
Shia
What is the Hajj?
A pilgrimage to Mecca
What is the climate of the Arabian Peninsula?
Dry and harsh
What is the name of the Islamic house of worship?
Mosque
What caused the creation of caliphates?
Debate over who should lead after Muhammad died
Name both Sunni-majority country.
Saudi Arabia or Egypt
Why is the Hajj important?
It unites Muslims from all over the world and is one of the Five Pillars of Islam
Why was Mecca’s location helpful for growth?
It was a center of trade
Name the Islamic belief in one god.
Monotheism (Allah)
What led to the end of the Umayyad Caliphate?
They favored Arab Muslims over non-Arabs; overthrown in 750 CE
Name both Shia-majority country.
Iran or Iraq
How did trade help spread Islam across Afro‑Eurasia?
Muslim merchants carried goods, ideas, and the Arabic language along major trade routes
How did geography affect life on the Arabian Peninsula?
Limited resources made trade and travel important for survival
Name all 5 Pillars of Islam.
Declaration of Faith- Muslims must testify there only god is allah, Prayer- must pray to allah 5 times a day
Charity (zakat) - must pay charity to help poor and disabled
Fasting- must fast during Ramadan ,
Hajj- must go on a pilgrimage to mecca
Name two achievements of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Baghdad, art/architecture, translation movement, medicine/science
What caused the Sunni–Shia split?
Disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad
Name two achievements of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Baghdad, art and architecture, translation movement, medicine, or science