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Arabian Peninsula
Muhammad
Muslim Expansion
Muslim rule in Spain
After Muhammad
100
Oasis
a desert area that is fertile, because of a water source
100
Islam
Religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.
100
Bureaucracy
System of departments and agencies that carry out the work of the government.
100
al-Andalus
Arabic name for Muslim controlled Spain.
100
Shiites
Muslim group that protested the Umayyad's rule and believed the caliph should always be a relative of Muhammad
200
Clan
A group of people related by blood or marriage.
200
Hirjah
The flight of Muhammad and his supporters to Mecca to escape persecution.
200
Iberian Peninsula
The peninsula where the present day countries of Spain and Portugal are located.
200
Cordoba
Capital of al-Andalus
200
Sunni
Muslims who did not risk the Umayyad's rule and accepted the elected caliphs
300
Nomad
Person who travels from place to place.
300
Qu'ran
The muslim holy book believed to contain the word of Allah.
300
caliph
Chief muslim civil and religious leader
300
Mercenary
A powerful soldier who fights for any country who hires him.
300
Abu Bakr
The first caliph after Muhammad's death
400
Bedouin
Nomadic Arab herders who helped create the muslim empire.
400
Sunnah
The words and deeds of Muhammad used as a guide for proper living.
400
arabic
The language Abd al-malik declared the official language for Muslim lands
400
Umayyads
Family that seized power over the Islamic world and set up a hereditary dynasty around A.D. 660
500
Caravan
A company of travelers journeying together.
500
Mosque
Islamic buildings of worship that each face Mecca, so that prayer can be preformed properly.
500
Hajj
The pilgrimage to mecca muslims take once in a lifetime.
500
Sephardic
Spanish Jewish culture that flourished in al-Andalus under Umayyad rule.
500
Alli
The last elected caliph who was assassinated in 661