Muhammad & His Message
Muhammad was born into a merchant family in this city in 570 C.E..
What is Makkah or Mecca?
Muslims believe in one all-powerful god who created the universe which makes them this kind of theists.
What are monotheists?
Muslim leaders realized that the Islamic state needed a strong leader and chose a new "successor" or ....
These rival groups within Islam argued about who had the right to succeed Muhammad as caliph.
Who were the Sunni and Shia?
In 1453, this Ottoman leader known as "the Conqueror" seized the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.
Who was Mehmet II?
Muslim scholars improved this Greek tool used to determine their location at sea.
What is an astrolabe?
Muhammad had a vision in which a voice told him to preach this which means "surrendering to the will of Allah."
What is Islam?
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all recognize this patriarch as their first prophet.
Who is Abraham?
These new caliphs governed the Arab Empire from this city in Syria.
What is Damascus?
These caliphs focused on improving trade and culture and built a new capital city, Baghdad, on the Tigris River.
Who were the Abbasids?
This Ottoman sultan was called "The Lawgiver" because he organized Ottoman laws.
Who was Suleiman I?
This famous Muslim chemist was the first scientist to label substances as animal, vegetable, or mineral.
Who was Al-Razi?
Muhammad urged people to get ready for this day when God would punish evildoers and reward the just.
What is the Day of Judgement?
According to Muslim belief, Muhammad received messages from Allah for more than this length of time.
What is 20 years?
Some Muslim rulers allowed non-Muslims to pay a special tax in order to avoid having to do this.
What is convert or convert to Islam?
What are Arab Muslims?
After Suleiman, the Ottoman Empire began to break down and lost lands to these people.
Who are the Europeans?
Persian scholar, al-Khawarizmi together with Arab scholar al-Kindi, borrowed these symbols from Hindu scholars.
What are 0 through 9?
The people of Yathrib accepted Muhammad's message and renamed their city Madinah which means...
What is "the city of the prophet"?
The collections of messages Muhammad received eventually became this after he died.
What is the Quran?
Spanish Muslims made this city a center of Islam.
What is Córdoba?
The trade, learning, and cultural achievements that sprung from Baghdad have led historians to call this the period the ...
What is the Golden Age of Islam?
From 1501 until the 1700s, in the Safavid dynasty, _________ was the language of culture and trade.
What is Persian?
The Persian doctor Ibn Sīnā produced a written work which described how diseases spread and analyzed hundreds of different medicines.
What is the Canon of Medicine?
Muhammad required all Muslims to place loyalty to this above loyalty to their tribes.
What is the Islamic state?
The Five Pillars of Islam are belief, prayer, charity, and these two acts of worship:
What are fasting and pilgrimage?
This Jewish thinker became a physician in the Muslim royal court in Egypt and wrote philosophy and a collection of Jewish laws.
Who was (Moses) Maimonides?
In 1055, these nomadic people from central Asia seized Baghdad.
Who were the Seljuk Turks?
After Akbar, Mughal rulers persecuted these two groups of people.
Who were Hindus and Sikhs?
Muslim historian Ibn Khaldūn looked for cause-and-effect relationships to explain historical events and was one of the first to study how these two factors shape human activities.
What are geography and climate?
When Muhammad died in 632 B.C.E., this entire peninsula was part of the Islamic state.
What is the Arabian Peninsula?
Over centuries, Islamic scholars created a code of law called the shari'ah based on the Quran and the __________, a record of Muhammad's sayings and his deeds.
What is the Hadith?
This group was effective as missionaries and won followers by teaching Islam.
Who were the Sufis?
In 1258, the Mongols from central Asia stormed into Baghdad. Their fierce attack brought an end to the this empire.
What is the Arab Empire?
Who is Guru Nanak?
The most prominent features of a mosque are its minarets from which this happens five times a day.
What is an announcer calls Muslims to pray?