DNS
The main function of this is to translate domain names into IP addresses, which computers can understand.
What is DNS?
Messages that are sent to a specific host address. The sending device must know the IP address of all recipients and must create a separate packet for each destination device.
What is Unicast?
An IP address that is used only on an internal network. These IP addresses do not go out on the internet.
What is Private IP?
When a device is assigned an IP configuration, it is for a specified amount of time.
What is DHCP Lease Time?
A feature that allows a device to automatically assign itself an IP address on the 169.254.0.0 network when a DHCP server or manual configuration is unavailable.
What is Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)?
A server that contains the DNS information for a site. The server is authoritative because it doesn't have to ask any other DNS server for help because it holds the information already.
What is Authoritative Name Server?
A unicast address assigned to more than one interface, typically belonging to different hosts. You don't care which one you send to as long as you reach one of them.
What is Anycast Address?
A protocol used to centrally manage the distribution of IP addresses within a network.
What is DHCP?
Sends an ICMP echo request/reply packet to a remote host. A response from the remote host indicates that both hosts are correctly configured and a connection exists between them.
What is ping?
The process of dividing a large network into smaller networks.
What is Subnetting?
Database entries that store information. For DNS, these store hostnames, IP addresses, etc. in the zone database. Each host has at least one in the DNS database that maps the hostname to the IP address.
What are Records?
A single packet that, when sent, is processed by all hosts. Not typically forwarded by routers, so this kind of traffic is limited to within a single subnet.
What is Broadcast?
A 32-bit number that defines which portion of an IPv4 address identifies the network address and which portion of the address defines the host address.
What is Subnet Mask?
Allows IPv6 hosts or sites to communicate over the existing IPv4 infrastructure.
What is Tunneling?
Defines where data packets that are leaving the network should go to be routed.
What is Default Gateway?
Servers that contain the information for all websites that share a common domain extension, such as .com or .org.
What is Top-level Domain Server?
An address that represents a dynamic group of hosts.
What is Multicast Address?
The first valid IP address on the network. This address is used for routing purposes to identify the network.
What is Network Address?
A packet analyzer that runs in a command line utility. It allows the user to view TCP/IP and other packets as they are transmitted and received over a computer network.
What is tcpdump?
A method for allocating IP addresses and for IP routing. A simplified method of writing a network address with a slash followed by the number of bits in the network ID.
What is Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)?
Servers that hold information for the root zone. Answer name resolution requests by supplying the address of the corresponding top-level DNS server.
What is Root server?
A special IP address that can be used to verify that the TCP/IP protocol stack is properly installed on the host. Not assigned to an interface.
What is Loopback Address?
A nonprofit, private American corporation that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System, media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and internet numbers.
What is Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)?
A domain name that spells out each level of the hierarchy separated by periods. The final period (which is for the root domain) is often omitted and only implied.
What is Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)?
Used to identify group members and to forward multicast packets on to the segments where group members reside.
What is IGMP?