It all began with the Reformation

Roots of Debate

100

Chief means of receiving grace in Catholicism

Sacrament of Penance/ Confession

200

The act by which a person is made deserving of salvation

Doctrine of Salvation/ Justification

300

Author of the famous controversial work Utopia (1516), which presented a new social system in which cooperation and reason replaced power and fame as the proper motivating agents for human society

Thomas More

400

The practice of high church officials (bishops, archbishops, & cardinals) taking over more than one church office, often for prestige.

Pluralism

500

In this 16th century work, Catholic Erasmus criticized the Catholic monks.

The Praise of Folly

All in the family name

100

This powerful duo funded Columbus's journeys and are known for completed the Reconquista 

Ferdinand of Aragon & Isabella of Castile

200

Charles V, king of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, belong to this powerful family name.

Habsburgs (Hapsburgs)

300

This king fell in love with his queen's lady in waiting and launched significant religious reform within his country.

Henry VIII

400

During the Wars of Religion, this king took the thrown after Henry III's assassination and converted from Calvinism to Catholicism to please his nation.

Henry of Navarre

500

This Spanish king is known as the "Most Catholic King" and struggled to maintain control in the Netherlands, whose inhabitants increasingly adopted Lutheranism or Anabaptism

Philip II

Famous Words

100

"Christians should be exhorted to strive to follow Christ their head through pains, deaths and hells; And thus trust to enter heaven through tribulations, rather than in the security of peace."

Martin Luther

200

"Paris is worth a mass"

King Henry of Navarre

300

"I have the heart of a king."

Queen Elizabeth I

400

"Strike while the iron is hot!"

Thomas Müntzer

500

"Therefore am I not bound... to conform my conscience to the Council of one realm [England] against the general council of Christiandom?"

Thomas More

Decisions & Places

100

The reforms in the Swiss city of Zurich were heavily influenced by this Protestant Leader

Ulrich Zwingli

200

John Knox, the Calvinist reformer of Scotland, called this vibrant Protestant city "the most perfect school of Christ on Earth."

Geneva

300

This agreement in 1555 recognized the equality of Catholicism and Lutheranism and let German princes choose their realm's religion.

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

400

At this brutal debate, Luther and Zwingli could not reach an agreement over the sacrament

Marburg Colloquy, 1529

500

At these 3 meetings between 1545 and 1563, moderate Catholics failed in formulating doctrinal definitions that would encourage Protestants to return to the church. The council affirmed only the church could interpret Scripture.

Council of Trent

Linked by Belief

100

The term for the Catholic Church's revitalization in the 16th century

Catholic Reformation/ Counter-Reformation

200

This group of Protestants advocated for adult rather than infant baptism

Anabaptists

300

This religious order, resembling the structure of a military command, was part of the Counter-Reformation and vowed absolute obedience to the pope and shared a belief in education as a means of combating Protestantism.

Society of Jesuits

400

This group of Protestants is known for its 1566 violent revolts in the Netherlands, which destroyed statues and stain-glass windows in Catholic churches.

Calvinism

500

Luther insisted on music as a means to teach the Gospel. This composition of Luther's became a battle hymn of the early Reformation.

"A Mighty Fortress is Our God"