Levels of Abstraction
Dealing with the carrier or media on (over) which a message travels
What is the Physical Layer
What is a Switch
This type of company provides connectivity to subscribers in a geography
What is an Internet Service Provider (ISP)
.org, .gov, .net, .com, .edu, .hu, and .io are all examples
What is a top level domain
A term that is easier for humans to recall versus the actual numeric value assigned as its address
What is a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
This feature enables TCP packets that might arrive out of order to be reassembled correctly
What does the TCP sequence number do
Managing MAC addresses, handling collision detection and exponential backoff, and reporting issues
What is the Data Link Layer
What is a packet
A network that runs atop another network and can hide or restrict others from knowing endpoints and reading messages
What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)
What is an endpoint
This protocol is used when the recipient is unconcerned about packet loss and might appear glitchy
What is UDP
Managing the switching and routing
What is the Network Layer
The standard that Xerox defined in 1970 for set for addressing, routing, and fowarding messages over a shared cable (wire)
What is "Internet Protocol" (IP)
The segment of an IP packet that contains the "data" portion of the message
What is the Data Payload
The webservice that translates URLs into IP Addresses
What is a Domain Name Server (DNS)
The internal address within a PC that an application listens to for communications from the outside world
What is a port number
This technique confirms that all the raw data is correct by summing its binary values
What is a checksum
Dealing with point-to-point communications, figuring out addresses, signaling apps via particular port #s
What is the Transport Layer
TCP and UDP are the best-known of the layers that run atop it.
What runs atop "Internet Protocol" (IP)
The Palo Alto company pioneered networking computers as well as becoming a household name for photocopying
Who/what is Xerox
Referred to as a super-highway, it is formed from gigantic routers with enormous bandwidth and message storage capacity, stretching for miles
What is a backbone
A free program found on Linux, Mac O/S, and Windows that can show the path a packet travels between endpoints
What is Tracert
In TCP, if the sender does NOT receive this, it will resend that particular packet
What is (the purpose of) an Acknowledgement (ACK) packet
Managing the overall conversation between 2 endpoints and detecting if either side is an imposter.
What is the Session Layer
In addition to its expected contents, this sub-segment supplies the port# & checksum
What else would one find in the UDP Data Payload segment
Founded in the 1920s, this company developed equipment for business including typewriters, cash registers and card tabulators.
Who is IBM
As of 2017 (when the episode was made), there were over 300 million of them.
How may domain names were there in 2017?
Jay Z
The artist with the nickname "Hova"
The term used to describe a system's ability to keep going even if part of it is injured
What is fault tolerance