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Geography
Democracy
Religion
Wars with Persia and the Hellenistic Age
Celebrities
100
Who was the first civilization to inhabit Greece?
The Minoans.
100
Greeks established a unique version of a city-state called...?
A polis.
100
Who is the king of gods?
Zeus.
100
What happened in the famous Battle of Marathon?
The Persians landed near Athens with a vast army that outnumbered the Athenians. The Athenians were supposed to lose, but ended up pushing back the Persians into the Aegean Sea.
100
Who built the catapult?
Alexander the Great.
200
What are all of the ways in which the ancient Greeks used the sea?
1. Safe harbors for ships, 2. exported wine, olive oil, and marble, 3. establishing colonies along the Aegean and Mediterranean.
200
What was the first kind of government that Greeks exercised, and why?
Greeks first established a monarchy (power is exercised by a central power, like a king or queen) because they fiercely wanted to protect their polis's self-governance.
200
How do the Greeks worship the gods and goddesses?
Through their sports and playwrights.
200
What is the Delian League and what was its purpose?
The Delian League is a coalition of Greek city-states, led by Athens, with the intent to punish Persia.
200
Who invented the phalanx? What was its significance?
Philip II; his creation unified the soldiers' classes because they bonded through intense training camps.
300
Greece is a part of what peninsula, and what are the advantages/disadvantages of its position?
Greece is a part of the Balkan Peninsula, and beyond it are scattered, rocky islands. Because of its mountainous terrain, city-states were isolated, which led to frequent wars. However, the mountainous terrain also provided protection.
300
What is an aristocracy, and why did this government fail in ancient Greece?
An aristocracy is rule by a landholding elite (nobles). This failed in Greece because as trade expanded, a new middle class of wealthy merchants emerged. They challenged the landholding elite for power and came to dominate some city-states.
300
Name five of the Olympian Gods.
1. Zeus 2. Hera 3. Poseidon 4. Athena 5. Aphrodite 6. Apollo 7. Ares 8. Artemis 9. Demeter 10. Hestia 11. Hermes 12. Hephaestus
300
What plunged Greece into the Hellenistic Age?
The Peloponnnesian League defeated the Delian League, and its reign of thirty tyrants (along with the death of Philip II and Alexander the Great) plunged Greece into the Hellenistic Age.
300
Who is the "father of history?"
Herodotus.
400
What are the economic and geographical reasons that the Trojan War was fought?
There was an economic rivalry between Mycenae and Troy, a rich trading city in present-day Turkey. Troy controlled the vital straits that connect the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
400
What is the Council of 500?
It broadened the role of citizens in government; the citizens chose the members of the council and the members prepared the laws for the assembly and supervised the day-to-day work of government.
400
What is different about Greek mythology than the other religions that we have studied about? Give an example.
They're very much human and hold human emotion: love, anger, jealousy, etc. They love to interfere in mortals' lives. An example: the Trojan War. Hera took the side of the Mycenaeans, while Apollo and Poseidon took the side of the Trojans.
400
What was ancient Greece's closest version of humanitarianism and why?
Stoicism because it urged people to avoid desires and disappointments by accepting calmly whatever life brought. They preached high moral standards, such as the idea of protecting the rights of fellow humans (including women and slaves).
400
Who ruled during the Golden Age of Greece?
Pericles.
500
How did Europe get its name?
Europa, the beautiful daughter of the King of Phoenicia, was gathering flowers when she saw a bull quietly grazing with her father's herds. The bull was actually Zeus, the king of gods, who had fallen in love with her. When Europa reached to place flowers on his horns, he suddenly bounded into the air and carried the weeping princess far across the Mediterranean Sea to the island of Crete. Eventually, Europa married the king of Crete and gave her name to a new continent- Europe.
500
Solon's reforms led to the opportunity for tyrants to attain power. Was this a mistake?
No, not necessarily. Tyrants today are very different than tyrants back then. Tyrants often won the support of the merchant class and the poor by imposing reforms to help these groups.
500
Although religion was important, Greek thinkers came to believe that the universe was regulated, not by the will of the gods, but by....?
Natural laws.
500
What is the Hellenistic Civilization?
It was a civilization that blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences.
500
Who created the Council of 500?
Cleisthenes.