Structure of DNA
DNA is the acronym for this macromolecule
What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
These are the sperm and egg cells
What are gametes?
This is what changes in the DNA sequencing are called
What are mutations?
This is where the information on the mRNA transcript is translated into a protein
What are the ribosomes?
This is where DNA is located
What is the nucleus?
Double strands of DNA, twisted
What is a double helix?
This is the number of pairs of homologous chromosomes in the typical human
What is 23?
If a mutation is beneficial, this mechanism of evolution may increase its frequency in subsequent populations
What is natural selection?
What are proteins?
These are the abbreviated nitrogenous bases that form a DNA strand
What is A, G, C, and T
This is the subunit, or monomer, of DNA
What is a nucleotide?
Phase of cell cycle that includes Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2; cell spends most of time in this phase
What is interphase?
This is what the substitution of one nucleotide for another is called
What is point mutation?
First phase of gene expression; effectively "copies" the gene
What is transcription?
This is the base in RNA that is not in DNA
What is uracil (U)?
These three things comprise the subunit of DNA
What is sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases?
This is what happens when eukaryotic cells duplicate their genome and then divide; results in genetically identical offspring
What is Mitosis?
These are cancer causing agents
What are carcinogens?
Second phase of gene expression; amino acids are linked together to build a protein
What is translation?
These are cells other than the sperm and egg
What are somatic cells?
This is what happens when the bases of DNA form hydrogen bonds between two nitrogenous bases
What is complementary base pairing?
Type of cellular reproduction that results in animal gametes; results in haploid offspring cells
What is Meiosis?
These are physical or chemical factors in the environment that can change or damage DNA
What are mutagens?
DNA --> RNA --> protein
What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?
This is the unicellular offspring resulting from union of gametes
What is a zygote?