Localization - The Eyes
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A patient with a seizure arising from the right frontal lobe is most likely to have this ocular finding during the seizure event
What is a forced gaze deviation to the left?
A patient presenting with left arm and leg weakness and upper motor neuron signs due to a pontine stroke is most likely to have a lesion in this specific region
What is the right basis pontis?
A patient with atrophy of the hypothenar eminence in the right hand is likely to have sensory loss in this distribution
What is the palmar surface of the medial 1.5 digits (5th and medial half of 4th)
A patient with extinction to dual simultaneous stimulation on the left is likely to have a lesion in this lobe of the brain
What is the right parietal lobe?
What is the optic chiasm?
A patient presenting with a right homonymous inferior quadrantanopia is most likely to have a lesion in this lobe of the brain
What is the left parietal lobe?
A 48-year-old comatose man with intact pupillary and corneal responses, and absent bilateral gag reflex is most likely to have a lesion in this portion of the brainstem
What is the medulla?
A patient presenting with hip abductor and dorsiflexion weakness (foot drop) with normal reflexes is most likely to have a lesion of this lumbosacral nerve root
What is L5?
A border zone infarct involving the left ACA-MCA watershed zone is most likely to cause difficulties with these primary language functions
What are fluency +/- naming (sparing comprehension and fluency)?
A patient presenting with right arm and leg weakness and deviation of the tongue to the left is most likely to have a lesion in this region of the nervous system
What is the left medulla?
A patient with anisocoria that is most prominent in dim light is likely to have this additional ocular symptom
What is ptosis?
A stroke involving the right medial lemniscus has interrupted fibers that are destined for this nucleus
What is the right VPL nucleus of the thalamus
A patient who undergoes treatment with botulinum toxin has weakness in the injected muscle due to interference with this step in neuromuscular junction transmission
What is vesicular release?
A patient with a large left posterior cerebral artery stroke is most likely to have this language deficit in addition to an associated right homonymous hemianopia
What is alexia without agraphia?
A patient presenting with transverse myelitis affecting the right side of the spinal cord at T10 is most likely to have loss of these sensory modalities in the right leg
What is vibration and proprioception (epicritic)?
A patient presenting with left-sided weakness of the entire face as well as an inability to abduct the left eye is most likely to have a lesion in this specific region of the pons
What is the facial colliculus?
A 76-year-old woman presenting with a new onset clicking sensation in her ear, and an observed palatal tremor on examination is likely to have a lesion causing disconnection between these three nuclei
What are the dentate, red, and inferior olivary nuclei?
What are ragged red fibers?
A patient presenting with truncal ataxia is most likely to have a lesion to cerebellar cortex fibers destined for this deep cerebellar nucleus
What is the dentate nucleus?
A patient presenting with left-sided weakness, right-sided ptosis, and anisocoria that resolves in a bright room or with pupillary light reflex testing should raise concern for this stroke mechanism
What is a (right) carotid dissection? [also acceptable: atheroembolism]
A patient presenting with an inability to initiate upgaze is most likely to have a lesion involving this specific brain region
What is the pretectum?
A 51-year-old man presenting with right-sided ataxia, loss of pinprick sensation on the right face, and loss of pinprick sensation in the left arm and leg is most likely have this associated eye finding
What is a right Horner's syndrome? (also acceptable right ptosis and miosis)
What is the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?
Balint syndrome, secondary to bilateral parieto-occipital lesions is characterized by this clinical triad
What is optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and simultagnosia
What is the Canal of Schlemm?