The Age of Crusade
This famous saint was the author of the Latin Rule of the Knights Templar
Bernard of Clairveux
These were the two main figures involved in the conflict between the emperor and pope over the authority to choose bishops.
Gregory VII and Henry IV
This king was crowned emperor on Christmas day, 800 AD
Charlemagne
At this battle the advance of the Ummayad Caliphate into Europe was stopped and the conquering of Christendom by the Muslims was prevented.
The Battle of Tours
The king who died without an heir, leading to the conflict between rival claimants to the throne
Edward the Confessor
This was the military religious order that ran the Hospital of St. John in Jerusalem
Knights Hospitaller
The faction of Islam which historically supported Abu Bakr, the general of Mohammad, and his successors as the leader of the state and religion.
Sunni
This was the capital of the Frankish empire under Charlemagne
Aachen
This Frankish Mayor of the Palace held off the Muslim armies at the Battle of Tours.
Charles Martel
This person became king of England after the Norman Conquest of England and victory at the Battle of Hastings.
William the Conquerer
Because of this, pilgrims were able to travel to Jerusalem, even when it was controlled by Muslims
Treaty of Jaffa
At this council, Urban II called for the retaking of the Holy Land and for the aid of Christians in the East
Council of Clermont
This was the clear, legible form of writing that was standardized for the whole empire by Charlemagne.
Carolingian Miniscule
This Merovingian king united the smaller Germanic tribes around him into one Frankish kingdom
Clovis I
This is an embroidered cloth that depicts the events leading up to and following the Norman Conquest of England in 1066
Bayeux Tapestry
These were the four crusader states founded after the retaking of the Holy Land
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, The County of Tripoli, The County of Edessa, and the Principality of Antioch
This was the spiritual leader of the Crusader army in the First Crusade
Bishop Adhemar of le Puy
The seven liberal arts of the Trivium and Quadrivium
Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, Astronomy, Music, Arithmetic, and Geometry
The king’s chief official who held even more political power than the king towards the end of the Merovingian dynasty.
Mayor of the Palace
This marked the beginning of the Norman Conquest and was the pivotal event of the succession crisis after the death of Edward the Confessor.
Battle of Hastings
This was the final battle of the crusader states, which also led to the last days of the Templars in the Holy Land
The Siege of Acre
These were the eight generals leading the crusader forces in the First Crusade
Hugh of Vermandois, Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemond of Toronto, Raymond IV of Toulouse, Robert of Normandy, Robert of Flanders, Stephen of Blois, and Tatikios
These were the types of institutions set up by Carolingian Renaissance for the renewal of education and scholarship.
Scriptoria, Monastery Schools, and Cathedral Schools
The father of Charlemagne and first Carolingian king of the Franks
Pepin the Short
This person claimed the English throne immediately after the death of Edward, asserting that he had promised it to him before he died.
Harold Godwinson