Theory
What does SDLC stand for?
Software development life cycle
What does CRUD stand for?
Create, Read, Update, Delete.
What is a software defect?
A flaw in software that can cause incorrect behavior or failure to meet requirements.
What is a sprint in Scrum?
A fixed-length work cycle of one month or less used to achieve a Sprint Goal.
What is GitHub?
A platform for hosting Git repositories and collaborating on software projects.
What is the difference between functional and non-functional requirements?
Functional requirements describe what a system does; non-functional requirements describe its quality attributes or constraints.
What does KISS mean in programming?
Keep It Simple — avoid unnecessary complexity.
What type of testing checks individual functions or components?
Unit testing.
What is the Product Owner responsible for?
Maximizing product value and managing the Product Backlog.
Which Git command stages changes in the current directory and its subdirectories?
git add .
Which SDLC phase is responsible for producing program code?
Development.
What is encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
Bundling data and methods into a class while controlling access to its internal state.
What is the difference between verification and validation?
Verification asks whether we are building the product right; validation asks whether we are building the right product.
What does MVC stand for?
Model, View, Controller.
What is the difference between a primary key and a foreign key?
A primary key uniquely identifies a row; a foreign key references a key to establish a relationship.
What does WRSPM stand for?
World, Requirements, Specification, Program, Machine.
What is technical debt?
The future cost of development shortcuts or design decisions that make software harder to maintain.
What is the purpose of integration testing?
To verify that components or modules work together correctly.
What is the difference between structural and behavioral UML diagrams?
Structural diagrams show system organization; behavioral diagrams show actions, interactions, or changes.
What is the difference between git push and git pull?
Push uploads local commits to a remote repository; pull fetches and integrates remote changes.
Name the six SDLC phases shown in the review document's Waterfall model.
Concept, Requirements, Design, Development, Test, and Maintenance.
What is refactoring, and what should remain unchanged?
Improving the internal structure of existing code while preserving its externally observable behavior.
Can software testing guarantee a completely bug-free system? Explain.
No. Testing can reveal defects and reduce risk, but cannot guarantee the absence of all defects.
What is the difference between microservices and layered architecture?
Microservices organize a system into independently deployable services; layered architecture organizes responsibilities into layers.
Which SQL operation combines related rows from multiple tables, and what clause specifies how they match?
JOIN combines related rows, and ON specifies the matching condition.