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Vocabulary
Galileo and Newton
Bacon, Descartes, and Key Inventions
Copernicus and Kepler
Chapter 33
100
"A major shift in thinking between 1500 and 1700, in which modern science emerged as a new way of gaining knowledge about the natural world" is the definition of what term?
The Scientific Revolution
100
Galileo began studying the sky through the use of what form of technology?
The telescope
100
Fill in the blank. Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes influenced the development of ______________.
The Scientific Method
100
The path that one heavenly body follows around another.
What is orbit?
100
They supported Christopher Columbus' exploration
Who were Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand?
200
What is the definition of gravity?
The force of attraction between all masses in the universe.
200
Why did the Catholic Church object to Galileo's work?
The Catholic Church objected to Galileo's work because the Church taught that the Earth was the center of the universe.
200
What is a microscope used for?
A microscope is an instrument used to make very small objects visible.
200
Kepler's nationality.
What is German?
200
His crew circumnavigated the globe for Spain.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
300
What are the five steps of the Scientific Method? *
1.) State a question of a problem. 2.) Form a hypothesis (assumption). 3.) Conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis. 4.) Measure data and record results. 5.) Analyze the data to determine if the hypothesis is correct.
300
Isaac Newton wrote a book called "Principia". What did this book describe?
"Principia" presented the law of gravity. It also described three laws of motion.
300
What is a thermometer used for?
a termometer provides a measure of temperature
300
What are three things that Copernicus' heliocentric theory tells us?
1.) Earth and the other planets travel in orbits around the sun. 2.) The sun is the center of this solar system. 3.) The Earth turns on its own axis every 24 hours.
300
He discovered modern day Brazil for Portugal.
Who was Pedro Cabral?
400
What is the difference between the geocentric theory and the heliocentric theory? *
Geocentric Theory- a theory that Earth is the center of the solar system or the universe. Heliocentric Theory- a theory that places the sun at the center of the solar system with the planets, including Earth, revolving around it.
400
How did Galileo's discoveries change how people understood the world?
Galileo's discoveries about motion and his observations about the planets supported the Copernican theory, although it brought him into conflict with the Catholic Church.
400
Describe a barometer. Be sure to include what it measures.
A barometer is a glass tube filled with a liquid metal called mercury that is placed upside down in a dish. The column of mercury moves up and down as the pressure in the atmosphere changed. The barometer is a valuable tool in studying and predicting the weather.
400
What did Kepler do to expand on Copernicus's heliocentric theory?
After studying detailed observations, Kepler figured out that the orbits of the planets were ovals, not circles. He then wrote precise mathematical laws describing the planets' movements around the sun.
400
Explain how the Age of Exploration led Europeans to question the traditional worldview.
Before the Age of Exploration, scholars believed there were only three continents. The discovery of the Americas proved them wrong, and such discoveries encouraged Europeans to question traditional teachings.
500
Complete the following sentence: Rationalism is the belief that reason, or logical thought, can be used to ______________________. *
discover basic truths about the world.
500
How did the work of Isaac Newton change the way people understood the world?
Newton's law of gravity explained why planets orbit the sun. He also showed that the same laws applied everywhere in the known universe.
500
Explain how Galileo's demonstration with falling objects shows how the scientific method works?
Galileo wondered whether objects of different weights fall at the same speed. 1.) He formed a hypothesis that they did. 2.) Then he designed and conducted an experiment to test his hypothesis. 3.) He dropped a heavy and a light ball together from the same high off a tower and 4.) saw that they landed at the same time. 5.) The result showed that his hypothesis was correct.
500
The problem that both Copernicus' and Ptolemy' theories had.
What is trouble predicting the movement of the planets?
500
The long term economic impact on Spain of finding lots of silver and gold. (One word)
What is inflation?