The Enlightenment
Enlightenment Figures
Absolutism
French Revolution
Other Revolutions
100
This period, also known as the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
The Enlightenment
100
This Enlightenment figure was a champion of women's rights...
Mary Wollstonecraft
100
__________ is the belief that the ruler's authority comes directly from God
Divine Right
100
What are the three Estates in the Estates-General? And who makes up each?
First Estate - Clergy
Second Estate - Nobility
Third Estate - Commoners
100
What was the official name of of France's colony in Haiti?
Saint-Domingue
200
The _________was an area in a person’s house where guests from different parts of society would be invited to discuss and have conversations about new ideas.
(Very popular during the Enlightenment)
The Salon
200
This Enlightenment figure is credited with the Encyclopedia to “change the general way of thinking.”
Denis Diderot
200
___________ is a political system in which a ruler holds total power with no checks or balances on their authority.
Absolutism
200
What are the three causes of the French Revolution?
1. Economic issues from taxation
2. Lack of representation in government (Estates-General)
3. Food shortages
200
In 1804, Haiti became the worlds...
First black republic
300
During the Enlightenment, intellectuals were known as ___________. They were writers, professors, journalists, economists, and social reformers.
Philosophe or philosopher
300
This Enlightenment figure believed that all people were born with a tabula rasa or blank mind...
John Locke
300
What is the name of this famous Enlightenment building?
The Palace of Versailles
300
At the start of the French Revolution, French rebels stormed this prison...
The Bastille
300
There are three main factors that led to revolution in Haiti. Give two.
The brutality of slaver and mistreatment by plantation owners
Economic issues
Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality spread to Haiti through the French intellectuals and the French Revolution.
400
______________________ is an agreement between government and society where society agrees to be governed by its general will.
The Social Contract
400
This Enlightenment figure believed in the separation of powers with a system of checks and balances...
Montesquieu
400
The French Monarchy holds complete and unrestricted power over their government and people. How does the English Monarchy function?
The English Monarchy has a monarch as the head of state but their power is restricted within the parameters of a constitution.
400
___________________ was a period of extreme violence that occurred during the French Revolution. Thousands of individuals, including nobles, clergy, political opponents, and suspected counter-revolutionaries, were arrested, tried, and executed by revolutionary tribunals.
The Reign of Terror
400
This Venezuelan military and political leader who played a crucial role in the South American independence movement...
Simón Bolívar
500
In Smith’s Wealth of Nations, he believed that the government had only three basic roles...
What were two of them...
Protecting society from invasion (the army)
Defending citizens from injustice (the police)
Keeping up certain public works, such as roads and canals
500
This Enlightenment figure believed that if individuals were free to pursue their own economic self-interest, all society would ultimately benefit (laissez-faire)
Adam Smith
500
This French king was also known as the "Sun King." "L'État, c'est moi": he famously declared, "I am the state," showing his belief in his absolute authority over France.
Louis XIV
500
____________________________ was a fundamental document of the French Revolution. It outlined the basic principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity as well as individual rights and freedoms.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen:
500
This South American soldier and statesman played an important role in winning the independence of several South American countries (Argentina, Chile, Peru) from Spain.
José de San Martín