Jaipardy Exam 3

This one

100

Describe TWO of the themes that emerged and provide some examples of each one from the “You Look Fine!” article

Policing of Bodies

Desire for Justice

Internalized Ableism

Tension in Role

200

Describe the research showing that negative age stereotypes can become a self-fulfilling prophesy.

Older adults were randomly assigned to a set of old age stereotypes – either positive or negative.  They were measured across different aspects like memory, walking speed, and oter physical tests, and self-report of age-related things

Negative age stereotype primes produced negative behavior and Positive age stereotype primes produced positive behaviors

The impact of negative stimuli on behavior was much larger than the effect of positive stimuli

300

What % of the CEO’s were obese? Did this vary by gender? 

5-22% F 45-61% M

400

People with mental illness sometimes experience what is referred to as “second or hidden disorder.” What is this referring to?

“adds additional burden of disease including impaired psychosocial functioning, withdrawl from society and social isolation

500

How is controllability related to weight stereotypes and prejudice?

Study with electric shocks - Vann, 1976

• Participants would shock a person who was obese based on whether it was reported to be due to a controllable or uncontrollable cause.  If it was a controllable cause longer shocks were given.

 

Rodin et al.

• If the medical report said their obesity was due to overeating over a hormonal balance and the candidate was not selected it was seen as less prejudicial.   If the person was not selected and their obesity was reported to be due to a hormonal imbalance the decision was seen as more prejudical

 

Joslyn & Haider-Markel

• More sympathy was given to a person who reported their obesity was caused by genetics
  
  Weight loss TV shows (Karsay & Schmuck, 2019)
•    Reinforced negative explicity attitudes toward obese if participant feared being obese.

That one

100

Describe the Wurm & colleagues (2013) study about engaging in adaptive health strategies

Positive internalized aging beliefs led to adaptive health strategies.  Healthy-coping strategies affected self-rated health.

Negative self-perceptions of aging led to lower use of positive coping health strategies which led to lower life satisfaction and lower self-rated health

200

Describe evidence that weightism exists in the health care system. Use research from at least two studies.

• Obese people have to pay more than thinner people for the same coverage
• Obese people are denied health benefits because of their weight
• There can be a delay in treatment from their physicians and nurses due to subtle stereotypes and negative reactions

300

What were the 2 themes that emerged from the data from the Microaggressions toward Muslim Americans article? 

Endorsing Religious Stereotypes

Pathology of the Muslim Religion

Exoticization

Islamophobic or Mocking Language

Alien in Own Land

400

How do Black and White women differ in their body image discrepancy?

• Black participants rated thin women as being more attractive than heavy women only
• White participants rated heavy women as less attractive, intelligent, successful, and happy (especially if towards a white woman)

500

Describe some of the key findings regarding internalized stigma and anticipated discrimination regarding perceived public stigma in audlts with ADHD

39.8% of participants reported high levels of alienation.  69.2% of participants reported high stigma resistance.  23.3% reported high internalized stigma.  88.5% of participants reported anticipated discrimination.  71.8% reported anticipation of discrimination from their employer.  66% of participants anticipated discrimination from their work colleagues and 55.9% from public benefit officials.  52.9% of participants anticipated discrimination from their adult neighbors and 43.4% when dating someone

The other one

100

Describe the study where age stereotypes held early in life predict cardiovascular events later

Participants responded to an age-stereotype predictor. Researchers were particularly interested in their first cardiovascular event. 30 years after the initial stereotype measure participants were measured for who had a cardiovascular measure. Having negative age stereotypes increased risk of a CV and having positive age stereotype decreased their risk of a CV

200

Are young adults more likely to hold negative age stereotypes compared to older adults?

Older adults are more likely to hold negative age stereotypes

300

What evidence exists that overweight and obese individuals are at a disadvantage when it comes to school and academics? 

Classic study in 1961 in which 600 children ranked whom they would most like as a friend

• Most students ranked the obese child as the person they would least like to be friends with
• Ranked from child with no handicap, child with crutches, child in wheelchair, amputee, facial disfiguration, obese.
  
  Students with obesity received lower grades than students without obesity.  There were no differences in the achievement or intelligence test scores between obese and nonobese students.
  
  After interviewing for graduate programs those with higher body weights were less likely to be accepted

400

What evidence exists of Islamophobia against Muslim Americans?

In 2007 there were 2,652 reported cases of civil-rights violations against Muslims.  141 reported cases were of passenger profiling and 613 were reported cases of hate mail.

500

What were the most frequently perceived public stereotypes regarding perceived public stigma in adults with ADHD? 

The most frequently perceived public stereotypes were: “Adults with ADHD simulate their symptoms”, “ADHD is invented by drug companies”, “ADHD is caused by extensive exposure to video games or TV shows”,” ADHD is a childhood disorder not seen in adults”, “ADHD is caused by bad parenting”, and “Adults with ADHD act without thinking”.

This one too

100

What were the three themes that Posthuma & Campion (2009) found regarding stereotypes of older people in the workplace? What positive stereotypes emerged?

They are less motivated and competent at work

Perceived to be harder to train or retrain  -> less valuable as employees

Perceived to be more expensive because they have higher salaries and use more healthcare benefits due to declining health

200

What were the findings of the English Longitudinal study of Ageing?

• Types of age discrimination
• Being treated with less respect and courtesy, receiving poorer service in restaurants, receiving poorer care from doctors and medical professionals, being presumed to be less intelligent, and being threatened or harassed
• Two most common types
• Being treated with less respect and being assumed to be less intelligent

300

What is the definition of ageism provided in the textbook?

Attitudes and beliefs, feelings, and behavior toward people based on their old age

400

Describe evidence of weight-based discrimination in the workplace.

• (Roehling, 1999)
• People rate obese coworkers as less desirable, lower workplace success.  They are perceived as having an inability to project the proper image, viewed as responsible for their weight, and will cost the organization more in terms of absenteeism and health care costs.
• People rated obese coworkers as less desirable workers for hiring, allocate lower salaries and raises to obese workers, and find obese workers to be less suitable.
•  

500

Which two themes from the original theorized taxonomy were not supported by the data? (Islamaphobia article)

• The two themes that were not supported by the data were: Assumption of One’s Own Religion as the Norm and the Denial of Religious Prejudice.  
• How one’s religion is viewed as the norm can be subtle and part of the American culture and therefore can be hard to identify as discriminatory.
• Denial of one’s religious prejudice requires difficult conversations about one’s religion with others and can lead to invalidating statements.

That other one

100

Describe the Duncan & Schaller (2009) study in which participants were shown either a slideshow about germs or a slideshow about accidents.

Participants were shown either a slideshow about the presence of germs or a slideshow about an accident

When participants were reminded that germs are present in the environment ageist attitudes increased

Greatest among people who felt vulnerable to infections illness

Only significant among European participants

200

Describe the Cuddy & Fiske (2002) study related to competence and warmth

Participants read a description of an elderly adult that incorporated the warm traits in the elderly stereoptype.  Participants read either about the person’s poor or excellent memory

Elderly targets who were described as low in competence were given a higher warmth rating.

If a target behaved in a stereotypic-consistent manner they were rewarded with higher warmth ratings.

300

Which state is the only one with laws prohibiting weight-based discrimination?

Michigan

400

Does the experience of weight-based discrimination actually negatively impact physical health?

At time 2 after controlling for demographic and background variables overweight and obese people who reported being a target of weight-based discrimination were more likely to have decrements in health outcomes and disability

500

What percent of Muslims in the U.S. are immigrants?

69%