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Fertile Crescent
River Valley Civilizations
Sumerian Achievements
The Rise of Sumer
Invasions of Mesopotamia
100
A large arc of rich, fertile farmland.
What is the Fertile Crescent?
100
River valleys were good locations for farming due to flat land, irrigation, and flooding.
What is the main use of river valleys?
100
Cuneiform.
What was the Sumerian form of writing?
100
A city-state and the surrounding countryside.
What is the basic political unit of Sumer?
100
A chariot.
What is a horse-drawn cart used in battle?
200
A way of supplying water to an area of land.
What is irrigation?
200
People could get around easier and boats could be used to trade.
How did rivers improve travel?
200
A writer.
What is a scribe?
200
The belief and worship of many gods.
What is polytheism?
300
A human-made waterway.
What is a canal?
300
River valleys supply food, improve travel and trade, and create food surpluses which allow people to pursue other activities.
Why did the world's first civilizations develop in river valleys?
300
Cylinder seal.
What is a stamp-like object that is used to mark items?
300
Priests.
Who led religious ceremonies and had great status in Sumer?
400
Cities in Mesopotamia gradually developed between 4000 and 3000 BC.
When did cities in Mesopotamia develop?
400
Soil gets nourished by flood deposits and silt.
How do rivers improve soil?
400
Epic.
What are long poems that tell the stories of heroes?
400
Gods, kings, priests, craftspeople, merchants, traders, farmers, laborers, slaves.
What is the social hierarchy?
500
Hunter-gatherers settled in Mesopotamia more than 12,000 years ago.
Who were the first to settle in the area near Mesopotamia?
500
The Huang He (Yellow River), China; Indus River, India; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Mesopotamia; Nile River, Egypt.
Where were the four earliest river valley civilizations located?
500
Lyre.
What is a stringed musical instrument made of silver and decorated with shells and stone?
500
Enheduanna, the first female writer.
Who is Sargon's daughter?