Intro. & Lit Review
English does not belong exclusively to these places anymore.
What are Great Britain, Commonwealth, and North America?
This number represents how many undergraduate Japanese students participated in the study.
What is 44?
Author investigated JE and AE in terms of these two distinct constructs.
What are solidarity and power?
The capital of Japan.
What is Tokyo?
This technique examines people's implicit attitudes towards languages.
Matched Guise Test (MGT)
How the participants were recruited.
What is Qualtrics, the online survey program?
Japanese English speakers were rated significantly more favorably on average than AE English speakers in terms of this.
What is solidarity?
What is the Likert scale?
This treat is popular in Japan and given during exams.
What is Kit Kat/Kitto Katto?
This is employed when balanced bilinguals in two languages or varieties are difficult to find.
What is the Verbal Guise Test (VGT)?
This motivated the investigation.
What is the lack of research in terms of social phenomena of explicit and implicit attitudes toward their own (JE) and other Englishes?
AE speakers were rated significantly higher with this.
What is power?
The study conducted by Chiba, Matsuura, and Yamamoto contained more of these items that may contribute to the reason behind different results in this study.
What are power-related items?
This person teaches Japanese language classes at UI.
Who is Ikuyo Suzuki?
Rickford (1985) investigated these people's attitudes toward this variety of English and the standard variety using a MGT.
(Name the people and variety of English)
What are Guyanese and Guyanese Creole?
English varieties were investigated based on this concept for this study.
What are phonological differences?
This percentage of respondents suggest they want to sound like an American person when speaking English.
What is 77.27 percent?
Based on these studies (this one and others named) it seems people's attitudes towards languages or varieties are not this.
What is monolithic?
The name of the most important kami (spiritual power) and the Sun Goddess, according to the Shinto religion.
Who is Amaterasu?
This individual conducted a study in 2003 about high schools students' reluctance in accepting Japanese English. This person also studies World Englishes.
Who is Aya Matsuda?
This person in 2008 found that correct identification of the speakers' nationality introduced a bias and affected the participants' judgement of the speakers.
Who is Robert McKenzie?
Participants wish this English were accepted internationally.
What is Japanese English?
The years the Monbusho implemented new courses of study for middle school English.
What are 2002 and 2003?
What are crooked teeth?