Hardware & Compilation
What is the only language that a computer's CPU can natively understand and execute without any translation?
Machine Code.
What program loads, verifies, and executes Java bytecode, making Java programs platform-independent?
Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
What software design approach organizes program structure around data and objects rather than pure functions and logic?
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).
What data type would you use in Java to store text-based information like a user's name or a sentence?
String
What named storage location is used in a program to hold data that can be modified during execution?
Variable.
What type of low-level language acts as a bridge between machine code and high-level languages by using abbreviations instead of raw binary?
Assembly Language.
What type of file is produced after successfully running the Java compiler on a standard source file?
Class File.
What fundamental OOP principle involves isolating data from unauthorized direct access for security purposes?
Encapsulation.
What primitive data type acts as a logical switch and can only evaluate to either true or false?
Boolean.
What is a named, reusable block of code designed to perform a specific task and prevent code repetition?
Function (or Method).
What specific tool converts a programmer's .java source files into executable bytecode?
Java Compiler.
Which component within the JVM is responsible for actually running the bytecode and interacting with the system's hardware?
Execution Engine.
What design concept allows programmers to look at a complex system by focusing only on high-level features rather than underlying mechanics?
Abstraction.
What data type is ideal for storing highly accurate fractional numbers like Pi (3.14159) or financial transactions?
Double
What coding mechanism is used to intercept runtime errors and handle them safely to prevent the program from crashing?
Exception Handling.
What is the name of the intermediate code format that enables Java's famous "Write Once, Run Anywhere" capability?
Bytecode.
What computer resource is allocated by the JVM to store variables, object instances, and method execution contexts during runtime?
Memory.
What OOP mechanism enables a child class to inherit fields and methods from a parent class to prevent code duplication?
Inheritance
What programming structure is used to automate repetitive tasks by running a block of code over and over until a condition is met?
A Loop.
What sequential data structure would you use to store multiple items of the exact same data type under a single variable name?
An Array.
In traditional compilation, what is the temporary file containing machine code that must be processed by a linker before running?
Object File.
What mechanism does a Java program trigger through the JVM when it needs to request services directly from the operating system's core?
Operating System Call (OS Call).
What concept allows a subclass to override a parent method so that a single command behaves differently depending on the object executing it?
Polymorphism.
What keywords are used in Java to dictate whether a piece of code is globally accessible to the entire application or safely isolated within its own file?
Private Class vs. Public Class (Access Modifiers).
What specific, mandatory method does the JVM look for to begin the execution of any executable Java application?
The Main Method.