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Prokaryotic cells
Plant Vs Aminal
Eukaryotic cells
Mitosis
left filed
100
Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission. Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction involving the splitting of the parent organism into two separate organisms.
State that prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission.
100
Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
What is the definiton of an animal cell
100
Cells of or derived from eukaryote characterized by having a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus.
What is the definition of eukaryotic cell
100
Interphase:This is the longest period of the complete cell cycle during which DNA replicates, Prophase: During this first mitotic stage, the nucleolus fades and chromatin (replicated DNA and associated proteins) condenses into chromosomes. Prometaphase: In this stage the nuclear envelope breaks down so there is no longer a recognizable nucleus. Metaphase: Tension applied by the spindle fibers aligns all chromosomes in one plane at the center of the cell. Anaphase: Spindle fibers shorten, the kinetochores separate, and the chromatids (daughter chromosomes) are pulled apart and begin moving to the cell poles. Telophase: The daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles and the spindle fibers that have pulled them apart disappear. Cytokinesis: The spindle fibers not attached to chromosomes begin breaking down until only that portion of overlap is left. It is in this region that a contractile ring cleaves the cell into two daughter cells. Microtubules then reorganize into a new cytoskeleton for the return to interphase.
explain the events during mitosis
100
bacteria is overuse and misused.
What are two reasons for increased antibiotic resistance in bactiria?
200
Plant cells that are not engaged in photosynthesis also have plastids that serve other functions, such as •storing starch (when they are called leucoplasts) •storing the carotenoids that give flowers and fruits their color (when they are called chromoplasts
what happens when plant cells dont engage in photosynthesis
200
1.Prokaryotic cells have naked DNA which is found in the cytoplasm in a region named the nucleoid. On the other hand, eukaryotes have chromosomes that are made up of DNA and protein. These chromosomes are found in the nucleus enclosed in a nuclear envelope. 2.Prokaryotes do not have any mitochondria whereas eukaryotes do. 3.Prokaryotes have small ribosomes (70S) compared to eukaryotes which have large ribosomes (80S). 4.In prokaryotes there are either no or very few organelles bounded by a single membrane in comparison to eukaryotes which have many of them including the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
200
When cell division begins, DNA coils around the proteins forming visible structures called chromosomes
what happens when cell division begins?
200
to treat sick animals
why are antibiotics used for farming
300
Cell wall: Protects the cell from the outside environment and maintains the shape of the cell. It also prevents the cell from bursting if internal pressure rises. Plasma membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that controls the substances moving into and out of the cell. It contains integral and peripheral proteins. Substances pass through by either active or passive transport. Cytoplasm: Contains many enzymes used to catalyze chemical reactions of metabolism and it also contains the DNA in a region called the nucleoid. Ribosomes are also found in the cytoplasm. Pili: Help bacteria adhere to each other for the exchange of genetic material. Flagella Made of a protein called flagellin. Helps bacteria move around by the use of a motor protein that spins the flagellum like a propeller.Ribosomes: They are the site of protein synthesis. Contributes to protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA. Nucleoid: Region containing naked DNA which stores the hereditary material (genetic information) that controls the cell and will be passed on to daughter cells.
what are the functions of each name structure. Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Pili, Flagella, Ribosomes,Nucleoid
300
plant cells: cell wall, plasma membrane, central vacuoles: Animal cells: always communicate between the nucleus, a site of protein synthesis, lysosomes, vacuoles, nucleaur membrane: same: cytoplasm, nuclear pore, nucleolus, ribososme goligi apparatus
compare and contrast animal and plant cells
300
plasma membrane rough endoplamic reticulum mitochondria lysosomes golgi apparatus, nucleus.
Identify structures from in electron micrographs of liver cells.
300
Diploid cells (2N) have two complete sets of chromosomes. The body cells of animals are diploid. Haploid cells have one complete set of chromosomes. In animals, gametes (sperm and eggs) are haploid.
what are the differences between diploid and haploid cells
300
G1: chromosomes carry out normal cell function. s phase DNA is copied occurs and the cromosomes are copied
describe the stages in G1, and S phanse
400
ribosomes, nucleoid containing naked DNA, cell wall, cytoplasm, plasma membrane.
Identify structures from in electron micrographs of E. coli.
400
1.Animal cells only have a plasma membrane and no cell wall. Whereas plant cells have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. 2.Animal cells do not have chloroplasts whereas plant cells do for the process of photosynthesis. 3.Animal cells store glycogen as their carbohydrate resource whereas plants store starch
State three differences between plant and animal cells.
400
Ribosomes: Found either floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in mitochondria and chloroplast. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis as they translate messenger RNA to produce proteins. Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Can modify proteins to alter their function and/or destination. Synthesizes proteins to be excreted from the cell. Lysosome: Contains many digestive enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules such as proteins and lipids into their monomers. Golgi apparatus: Receives proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and may further modify them. It also packages proteins before the protein is sent to it’s final destination which may be intracellular or extracellular. Mitochondrion: Is responsible for aerobic respiration. Converts cheical energy into ATP using oxygen. Nucleus: Contains the chromosomes and therefore the hereditary material. It is responsible for controlling the cell.
what are the functions of each name structure Ribosomes: Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosome: Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion: Nucleus:
400
Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell. If the parent cell is haploid (N), then the daughter cells will be haploid. If the parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells will also be diploid.
What is the definition of mitosis
400
its a proteinthat inhibits the cell cycle uncontrolled cell division
where do tumors come from
500
iprokaryotics reproduces by first the cell divide then the DNA is copied
explain how prokaryotics reproduce
500
The plant cell wall gives the cell a lot of strength and prevents it from bursting under high pressure as it is made up of cellulose arranged in groups called microfibrils. It gives the cell its shape, prevents excessive water up take by osmosis and is the reason why the whole plant can hold itself up against gravity. The animal cell contains glycoproteins in their extracellular matrix which are involved in the support, movement and adhesion of the cell.
Outline two roles of extracellular components.
500
mitosis
what type of cell division allows multicellular organisms to grow and repair damaged tissue?
500
growth, embryonic development, tissue repair asexual reproduction
what functions does mitosis serve in the human body