Section 1 & 2
How many people lived in the United States in 1790?
4 Million
As a teenager, who helped run a shipping company in the British West Indies before moving to the American colonies for education? He later married into a wealthy New York family and practiced law, serving as Washington's aide and delegate to four Continental Congresses.
Alexander Hamilton
What is the name of a body of electors that represent the people's vote in the election of presidents?
Electoral College
What is a rebellion of French people against their king in 1789.
French Revolution
When did Godoy agree to Pinckney’s Treaty, which settled the border and trade disputes with Spain.
October 1795
what were groups that help elect people and shape policies? This had begun to form during Washington’s presidency.
Political parties
What is the name given to the belief that mothers played an essential part in raising their children to be decent citizens?
Republican Motherhood
How much did the United States owe in Revolutionary War expenses at the time?
$25 million
Today, we know that presidents hold cabinet meetings with their senior advisers; this practice began during Washington's administration and became widespread by what year?
1792
Some Americans worried about the French Revolution’s violent riots and attacks on traditional authority. Revolutionaries shocked many Americans by beheading King Louis XVl When?
January 1793
What settled the border and trade disputes with Spain.
Pinckney’s Treaty
What wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade?
Federalist Party
What was the name of George Washington's wife, who later became the first First Lady?
Martha Washington
What was the name of the author who believed that women should have a larger role in the new nation and advocated Republican Motherhood?
Judith Sargent Murray
What term refers to the federal government's ability to conduct reasonable activities that the Constitution does not expressly prohibit?
Loose Construction
This stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war.
Neutrality Proclamation
In 1790 a Native American alliance under the command of Miami chief ____________ defeated U.S. forces under General Josiah Harmar.
Little Turtle
Who did John Adams choose to be candidates for his strong federal government?
John Adams and Thomas Pinckney
Who did the people regard as an honest, competent, and stable leader, a Revolutionary hero known for his ability to motivate and manage the army, with many feeling he should be the first President of the United States?
George Washington
Who became George Washington's Vice President?
John Adams
In 1792, 24 stockbrokers struck an agreement under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street; this agreement laid the groundwork for what subsequently became known as what?
New York Stock Exchange
Who asked American sailors to help France fight England by commanding privateers?
Edmond Genet
In 1792, who did President Washington give command to the army in the west to?
Anthony Wayne
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison founded what? Its members, called Republicans, wanted to limit the federal government’s power.
Democratic-Republican Party
Which area opposed to assist the federal government in repaying other states' debts?
The South
In February 1791, Congress approved the charter for the country's first national bank. The bank contributed significantly to the stability of the United States' economy. What was the name of the bank?
Bank of the United States
What is the name given to people who acquire products at low costs in the belief that the value will grow and they will be able to sell the items for profit?
Speculators
Who were private ships hired by a country to attack its enemies?
Privateers
On August 20, 1794, Native Americans fought Wayne’s troops in what battle? They were defeated.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Who did the people choose as candidates for the Democratic-Republican Party?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
What is the name for taxes that raise the prices of foreign products?
Protective Tariffs
Who established departments in the executive branch to address various areas of national policy?
The First Congress
During that time period, how much did the United States owe foreign countries?
$11.7 million
Who did Chief Justice send to London to work out a compromise.
John Jay
When did Native American leaders sign the Treaty of Greenville, which gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory?
August 1795
Who had the challenging task of following Washington as president. The people had adored Washington. They would have to work hard to win the people’s trust.
John Adams
What is the belief that the federal government should only do what the Constitution clearly allows?
Strict Construction
What is the name given to debt certificates with the pledge to buy back bonds at an increased price?
Bonds
Who strongly encouraged George Washington to run for President of the United States, as quoted as stating, "Of all men, you are the best fitted to fill that office"?
Gouverneur Morris
When did the two sides sign Jay’s Treaty? Jay’s Treaty settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s.
November 1794
What gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory?
Treaty of Greenville
This had the French demand for a bribe came to be called. This outraged the American public. “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!” became the rallying cry of the American people.
XYZ affair
Where did the national capital relocate for ten years beginning in 1791?
Philadelphia
Which city served as the United States' first capital, embodying the spirit of the new nation?
New York City
What is the name for an action or choice that is later used as an example?
Precedent
What settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s?
Jay’s Treaty
In March 1791, Congress passed a tax on what?
American-made whiskey
In 1798 the Federalist-controlled Congress passed four laws known together as the what? These laws were said to protect the United States, but the Federalists intended them to crush opposition to war.
Alien and Sedition Acts
During that time, how much did the United States owe its citizens?
$40.4 million
George Washington chose a permanent location for the capital on the Potomac River that comprised parts of Maryland and Virginia. The terrain was comprised of marshes and farmland. What will this site eventually be known as?
Washington D.C.
What legislation established three levels of federal courts, defined their powers and relationships with state courts, and established federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals?
Judiciary Act of 1789
What port did Spain closed to U.S. trade in 1784.
New Orleans
By 1794 fighting had broken out. In what became known as what? Farmers lashed out against the tax on whiskey. Protesters refused to pay the tax. They even tarred and feathered tax collectors. Some called themselves the new Sons of Liberty.
Whiskey Rebellion
What forbade anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal government?
Sedition act
What is the name given to money owing by the US?
National Debt
Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States should develop a coin-making facility so that it could begin issuing its own currency. What did it become known for?
National Mint
Many people who had participated in the Revolution, the establishment of the Articles of Confederation, and the formulation of the Constitution remained in positions of power after the Constitution was ratified. For their notable contributions to the country's formation, what were they known as?
Founding Fathers
Who tried to delay reaching an agreement, hoping Pinckney would become desperate and sign a treaty that favored the Spanish? He was worried that the United States and Great Britain might join against Spain after signing Jay’s Treaty.
Manuel de Godoy
When did the army of about 13,000 men approach western Pennsylvania?
November 1794
The two main Democratic-Republican leaders, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, viewed these acts as a misuse of the government’s power. Attacking the problem at the state level, they wrote resolutions passed by the Kentucky legislature in 1798 and in Virginia in 1799. What was this known as?
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions