Latin
This term means 'and from the Son' in reference to the Holy Spirit proceeding from both the Father AND the Son (as opposed to the Eastern Orthodox claim that the Holy Spirit proceeds FROM the Father THROUGH the Son).
filioque
This is our current pope (Jorge Bergoglio)
Pope Francis
This man declared himself the head of the Church of England (the Anglican Church) after Pope Clement VII denied him the anullment he wanted.
King Henry VIII of England
(1225-1274) one of the most influential Dominican theologians and philosophers in history; a doctor of the Church and author of the Summa Theologica
St. Thomas Aquinas
a member of a monastic order
monk
This is the (1964) Vatican II dogmatic constitution on the Church, the title of which translates 'Light of the People'.
Lumen Gentium
This is the first and only Polish pope. He is also a canonized saint.
(Saint) Pope John Paul II
The Puritans most closely identified with this protestant group.
Calvinists (aka Reformed Protestantism)
This bishop, and patron saint of Ireland, established monasteries all over Ireland.
St. Patrick
a member of a mendicant order
friar
This is the (1965) Vatican II dogmatic constitution on Divine Revelation. The title translates 'Word of God'.
Dei Verbum
This is the Italian pope who wrote Populorum Progressio and Humanae Vitae in his papacy following John XXIII
Pope Paul VI
Martin Luther would say that these are the only Sacraments.
Baptism and Eucharist
This man is known as ‘the apostle to the Gentiles’
St. Paul
the method of thinking, teaching and writing devised in, and characteristic of, the medieval universities of Europe from 1100-1500; the primary object of this method of thinking is God
scholasticism
This is the (1963) Vatican II constitution on the liturgy (especially Mass). The title roughly translates '(this) Sacred Council'.
Sacrosanctum Concilium
This German pope wrote Caritas in Veritate and Deus Caritas Est before resigning. He is currently the bishop emeritus of Rome.
Pope Benedict XVI
This is the Augustinian priest and monk who authored his 95 Theses in 1517, thereby initiating the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
This saint, doctor of the Church, and bishop of Alexandria was heavily influential at the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople. [Hint: He famously said that 'God became man that man might become God.']
St. Athanasius
‘begging’; a religious order whose members are ‘IN’ the world (as opposed to contemplative orders who live ‘apart from’ the world)
mendicant
This is the essential component of Martin Luther’s doctrine that holds ‘Scripture alone transmits Revelation’
sola scriptura
This pope called the First Vatican Council and authored the Syllabus of Errors, both of which were intended to challenge the sweeping influences of modernism in contemporary European and 'Western' culture.
Pope Pius IX
This man established his Protestant theocracy in Zurich, Switzerland
Ulrich Zwingle
This pope and saint from Italy famously, and unexpectedly, called an ecumenical for the purpose of aggiornamentio
(Saint) Pope John XXIII
a way of doing good as a penance in order to take away ‘punishment’ that would otherwise have been ‘suffered’ in purgatory
indulgence