Section 1
What is the movement towards Christian unity?
ecumenism
Describe how the Eastern Church viewed church governance before the schism.
Patriarchs--bishop of Rome was first among equals.
Ecumenical councils.
Which heresy taught that Christ exists as two persons, a divine Jesus and a human Jesus?
Nestorianism
What are the three degrees of the sacrament of holy orders?
deaconate--deacons, presbyterate--priests, episcopate--bishops
Explain Martin Luther’s teaching of sola scriptura? How is this different from what Catholics’ believe?
Scripture alone--anyone can interpret Scripture; Catholics believe in Scripture and Tradition--the Magisterium interprets this.
What is the denial of Christ and the repudiation of the Catholic Faith by one who is baptized?
apostasy
What is one tradition that is different between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches?
east--leavened bread; west--unleavened bread
language differences as well
What does Theotokos mean?
God-bearer
What is a term which means "bridge-builder." It refers to the Bishop of Rome.
pontiff
Explain Martin Luther’s teaching of sola gratia? How is this different from what Catholics’ believe?
Grace alone--Catholics believe grace builds on nature--"God helps those who help themselves."
What are central truths of the Catholic faith, defined by the Magisterium, that Catholics are obliged to believe?
dogmas
What factors lead to the estrangement of the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches?
political, theological, individual conflict--be able to explain each
Which heresy claimed that Christ's divine nature absorbed His human nature?
monophysitism
What is a "defender of the faith"? A Catholic who works to dispel false rumors about Catholicism.
apologist
Explain Martin Luther’s teaching of sola fide? How is this different from what Catholics’ believe?
faith alone--Catholics believe faith and works are necessary
What is a break in Christian unity that takes place when a group of Christians separates itself from the Church?
schism
Can Latin-rite Catholics go to Mass or receive other sacraments at an Eastern Orthodox parish? Why or why not? If so, are there any conditions?
Canon 844 §2. Whenever necessity requires it or true spiritual advantage suggests it, and provided that danger of error or of indifferentism is avoided, the Christian faithful for whom it is physically or morally impossible to approach a Catholic minister are permitted to receive the sacraments of penance, Eucharist, and anointing of the sick from non-Catholic ministers in whose Churches these sacraments are valid.
Which heresy claimed that Christ was the first of creation, a sort of demigod?
Arianism
Who is the Pontifex Maximus?
the pope
Explain John Calvin’s doctrine of predestination? Do Catholics believe in predestination? Explain.
Calvinists believed in double predestination; Catholics believe in predestination but acknowledge free will.
What are the three conditions necessary for formal heresy?
Post-baptismal, matters pertaining to Church teaching--faith & morals, obstinacy
What does Filioque translate as? Explain why these words caused controversy.
"and the Son"; Nicene creed; double procession of the HS, papal authority
Which heresy held that Jesus shared a "secret knowledge" with just a few close friends and claimed material reality was evil?
Gnosticism
What is a representative body of bishops assembled periodically by the pope to advise him on important Church concerns?
episcopal synod
Who are those destined for heaven? Those destined for hell?
elect; reprobate