Election of 1800
Whom did Thomas Jefferson defeat in the presidential election of 1800?
John Adams
Which political party did Thomas Jefferson represent?
The Democratic-Republican Party
Who was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by President John Adams?
John Marshall
From which country did the United States purchase Louisiana?
France
Which candidate received the same number of electoral votes as Jefferson?
Aaron Burr
Name one action Jefferson took to reduce the size or cost of the federal government.
He reduced the army, stopped the expansion of the navy, reduced spending on government social functions, or eliminated internal taxes.
What were the federal judges appointed by Adams at the end of his presidency called?
Midnight judges
In what year did the United States complete the Louisiana Purchase?
1803
Why did the House of Representatives have to decide the winner of the election of 1800?
Jefferson and Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes, creating a tie.
Why did Jefferson’s presidency contribute to southern dominance in federal politics?
Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe were from Virginia, while the Federalists and New England were losing political influence.
What power did the Supreme Court establish in Marbury v. Madison?
Judicial review—the power to declare a law unconstitutional
Between which two major geographic features did the Louisiana Purchase extend?
The Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains
What role did Alexander Hamilton play in determining the winner of the election of 1800?
Hamilton persuaded his supporters in the House of Representatives to vote for Jefferson because he believed Burr was unqualified.
Identify two changes Jefferson made to Hamilton’s economic program.
He eliminated internal taxes and reduced the influence of the national bank.
Why did William Marbury take his case to the Supreme Court?
He had not received his official appointment papers and wanted the Court to order the government to deliver them.
Who guided and interpreted for the Lewis and Clark expedition?
Sacajawea
What problem did the election of 1800 reveal, and how did the Twelfth Amendment correct it?
The election revealed that electors did not vote separately for president and vice president. The Twelfth Amendment required separate votes for the two offices.
Explain how Jefferson’s actions reflected his belief that the federal government should be simple and small.
He reduced the army, stopped naval expansion, lowered government expenses, eliminated internal taxes, reduced the national bank’s influence, and supported free trade.
Why was Marbury v. Madison an important turning point in the relationship between the Supreme Court and Congress?
The Court declared part of a congressional law unconstitutional, establishing judicial review and strengthening the Supreme Court’s power to check Congress.
Explain two ways the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition changed the future of the United States.
The purchase doubled the nation’s size and provided land for westward settlement. The expedition mapped and explored the territory, demonstrated that people could cross the continent, and encouraged further settlement of the West.