adoption studies
Caspi et al (2003) studied this gene, which has links to depression when individuals have stressful life events
serartonin
Define the term epigenome
The chemical modifications that influence gene activity
What type of study design did Weissman et al. (2015) use to investigate the transmission of depression across generations?
A longitudinal family stduy
What is the term for twins who share 100% of their genes
monozygotic
Box one (secret)
Minus 100 points!
What was the research study that provided evidence on the interaction between5-HTT genes and stress in the development of depression?
Caspi et al (2003)
What term describes the phenomenon where genetic predispositions influence the selection of specific cultural environments, shaping mental health outcomes?
Gene-culture coevaluation
What mental disorder was Weissman et al (2015) investigating the heritability of?
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
What type of twin shares approximately 50% of their genes
monozygotic twins
Box two
Nothing for now, better luck next time :(
What is the difference between individuals who have short alleles and long alleles?
Short allele - more likely to develop Depression after experiencing stressful life events
Long allele - less likely than the short allele to development depression after experiencing stressful life events
Chiao & Blizinsky’s findings challenge this traditional Western assumption that genetic predispositions always determine mental health outcomes.What is this term called?
genetic determinism
What was the total number of years the Weissman et al study followed participants?
20 year period
Why does a higher concordance rate in MZ twins than in DZ twins suggest a genetic influence?
Because MZ twins share more genes, so if depression were purely environmental, the rates would be similar.
Box three
Double points for you!
Which type of research method was used by Caspi et al?
Longitudinal sturdy
This country, known oe its strong collectivist values, was found to have a high frequency of the short 5-HTT allele in Chiao and Blizinsky‘s study
Japan
Weissman et al. (2015) found that children with two generations of depression were more likely to have what kind of additional mental health issues?
Anxiety disorders and substance abuse.
What was the method for this study and how many sample of twins were there
interview and diagnostic assessment, sample = 177
Box four
Switch points with a team that you want!
What type of correlation occurs where genes increase vulnerability to environmental stressors?
gene-environment correlation/interaction
What evolutionary principle explains why collectivism may persist because of its mental health benefits?
Natural selection
What biological factor, often studied in relation to depression, may mediate the link between genetics and depressive symptoms in families?
Cortisol levels
What model does McGuffin et al. (1996) support, which states that both genetic predisposition and environmental stress contribute to depression?
The diathesis-stress model.
Box five
Choose to sabotage a team, they get minus 200 points :(