Anesthesia
This monitor measures the concentration of exhaled carbon dioxide
What is ETCO₂?
This class of medications is commonly used for postoperative pain because it reduces inflammation as well as pain.
What are NSAIDs?
This cranial nerve provides the major sensory innervation to the face and is the nerve most relevant to local anesthesia in dentistry.
What is the trigeminal nerve?
This is the most common odontogenic cyst and is associated with the apex of a non-vital tooth.
What is a periapical cyst?
Immediately after an injection, the patient becomes pale, sweaty, nauseated and says they feel like they're going to pass out. Their heart rate is slow.
What would you do?
A patient receiving sedation becomes increasingly difficult to arouse and their respiratory rate drops. Their pulse oximeter still reads 98%. This monitor may identify the developing respiratory problem before the oxygen saturation falls.
What is capnography?
This medication can be used as an opioid antagonist when clinically significant opioid-induced respiratory depression occurs.
What is naloxone?
An inferior alveolar nerve block anesthetizes this nerve before it enters the mandibular foramen, providing anesthesia to the mandibular teeth on that side.
What is the inferior alveolar nerve?
A radiolucency surrounding the crown of an unerupted tooth, typically attached near the CEJ, is characteristic of this odontogenic cyst.
What is a dentigerous cyst?
During a procedure, the patient's SpO₂ suddenly falls from 99% to 88%. You notice diminished chest movement and an abnormal airway sound.
What would you do?
A patient suddenly complains of ringing in their ears, a metallic taste, and oral Tingling/numbness shortly after receiving several cartridges of local anesthetic. These can be early signs of this potentially life-threatening complication.
What is local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?
A patient develops wheezing, hypotension, facial swelling and generalized urticaria shortly after medication administration. This is the first-line medication for suspected anaphylaxis.
What is epinephrine?
Damage to this nerve during mandibular third molar surgery can result in altered sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and may also affect taste.
What is the lingual nerve?
A patient presents with a soft, fluctuant in size and swelling on the lower lip that may change in size or rupture and recur. It is usually the result of trauma to a minor salivary gland and subsequent mucus extravasation.
What is a mucocele?
Ten minutes after local anesthetic administration, a patient becomes confused and agitated, then develops muscle twitching. The patient subsequently begins having a seizure.
What would you do?
During sedation, the patient's chest is moving poorly and the ETCO₂ waveform disappears. The pulse oximeter is still reading normally. Your first concern should be this.
What is apnea/airway obstruction with inadequate ventilation?
A patient taking a medication from this drug class may have an increased risk of bleeding during an invasive procedure.
What are anticoagulants/ Blood Thinners?
A patient reports persistent numbness of the lower lip and chin following mandibular third molar surgery. This nerve is most directly associated with that sensory distribution.
What is the mental nerve?
A middle-aged patient has several small, well-defined lesions around the apices of mandibular teeth. The teeth are vital, and the lesions have progressed from radiolucent to mixed and eventually radiopaque over time.
What is osseous dysplasia?
During an extraction, the surgeon tells you there is unexpectedly heavy bleeding. Gauze pressure isn't controlling it, and the surgical field is rapidly filling with blood.
What would you do?
A patient under deep sedation develops airway obstruction. The assistant performs a jaw thrust and repositions the airway, but the obstruction persists. The next response should escalate airway support rather than simply increasing oxygen flow.
What is providing appropriate positive-pressure ventilation/advanced airway support ?
This medication class deserves special attention in oral surgery because some agents can be associated with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
What are bisphosphonates ?
100 BONUS Points each: What two other questions should you ask before proceeding with surgery?
During removal of a maxillary posterior tooth, a communication with the maxillary sinus is suspected. The anatomical relationship that makes this complication possible is the close proximity of the tooth roots to this structure.
What is the maxillary sinus?
100 Bonus Points: What could be used as an "autograft" to close this area?
A biopsy specimen from an oral lesion is submitted for permanent pathology. The surgeon tells you that the specimen must be placed in the appropriate fixative. This is the commonly used fixative for routine histopathologic examination.
What is formalin?
You are 20 minutes into a sedated oral surgery case.
The patient initially had:
You notice the patient is becoming increasingly difficult to arouse.
The SpO2 drops to 90%, the apnea alarm is sounding, the patient is not responsive to verbal commands and you have attempted stimulating maneuvers to no response.
The surgeon hears the alarm and asks, "What are you seeing?" and what would you say
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!
Describe what you are currently seeing then how you begin to manage the issues.