Obligated to Know
What vegetables are high in vitamin K?
Spinach
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
etc.
Antidote for heparin toxicity?
Protamine sulfate
Name the place where PO medications are primarily absorbed into the blood circulation.
Small intestine
3.5-5.0
The normal range for Na+
The normal range for blood sodium levels is 135 to 145 milliequivalents per litre (mEq/L).
Your patient has Asthma; which BP medication should your patient stay away from? Explain your answer.
Beta Blocker BB. BB can cause airway narrowing (Bronchospasm). Bronchospasm can lead to Asthma attacks.
Normal INR range? What if INR is 11, what has to be done?
Stop Warfarin and Notify MD
Check vitals
Potential administration of Vitamin K.
What is a narrow therapeutic index? Why do we need to know this concept?
Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (NTI-drugs) are drugs with small differences between their therapeutic and toxic doses, implying that small changes in dosage or interactions with other drugs could cause adverse effects.
What groups of medications may lead to dependency?
Narcotics and Laxatives
Name one K+ wasting and K+ sparring diuretic
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic
Furosemide is a potassium-wasting diuretic.
Mr. Gooseman took a large dose of hydromorphone about 1 hour ago. Now, he feels lethargic with RR 6, O2 sat= 87%. What would you do?
Notify MD + Charge nurse. Administer Oxygen. Administer Naloxone.
Combination of Anticoagulants and NSAIDs may cause?
Bleeding. Think of Aspirin ;)
What is the mechanism of action of Metformin? Which drug class does it belong to?
Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal glucose absorption, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Drug class: Biguanide
Antidote for acetaminophen?
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
What is the maximum dose of acetaminophen that a person can take per day? Explain your answer.
3000mg or 3g.
Possible liver damage.
Can you give aspirin to children? Explain your answer.
No. Due to the possibility of Reye's syndrome which is a rare disorder that can cause serious liver and brain damage. If it's not treated promptly, it may lead to permanent brain injury or death.
To prevent narcotic withdrawal, what do usually drug addicts take?
Methadone hydrochloride
What is the mechanism of action of Dextromethorphan?
This agent crosses the blood-brain barrier and activates sigma opioid receptors on the cough center in the central nervous system, thereby suppressing the cough reflex.
List effects of Hyperkalemia.
Heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, or vomiting
Which drug class is Norvasc (Amlodipine)?
Mechanism of action?
Side effects?
CCB
Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (calcium ion antagonist or slow-channel blocker) that inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. By blocking calcium, calcium channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.
Side effects:
Pharmacokinetics can be described as what the body does to a drug, refers to the movement of the drug into, through, and out of the body—the time course of its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Absorption: Describes how the drug moves from the site of administration to the site of action. Distribution: Describes the journey of the drug through the bloodstream to various tissues of the body. Metabolism: Describes the process that breaks down the drug. Excretion: Describes the removal of the drug from the body.
List 10 classes of Antibiotics?
Morphine's drug class?
Before administering a dose of Morphine, what is important for the nurse to assess?
Narcotic analgesic
Vitals: BP, Respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation.
Narcotic Status? Naive vs Chronic use.
Mr. Angryburd has had a sore throat and dry cough for the past 3 days, a fever for 2 days (37.8-38.7C), and a headache for 3 days. On physical examinations: clear lung sounds throughout. HEENT: intact ( except mild erythema in the oropharynx). Mr. Angryburd lives with his daughter (4 years old), who goes to kindergarten. The pt's daughter was sick with similar symptoms a week ago, but now she feels better. Mr. Angryburd demands antibiotics. What would you expect NP to prescribe for Mr. Angryburd? Explain your answer.
Likely URI no need for antibiotics.
Tylenol for fever/pain
Dextrometrophan for cough
Drink lots of fluids
Normal Mg range? Why should we know it?
0.74–1.03 mmol/L
High Mg can cause: hypotension, arrhythmias, neurological disorder (confusion and lethargy), and others.
Low Mg can cause: fatal cardiac arrhythmias, such as torsades de pointes (polymorphous ventricular tachycardia with marked QT prolongation).