Cardiac Pharm
All CAD patients should be on this medication unless contraindicated.
Aspirin
A mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur suggests this diagnosis.
Mitral valve prolapse
Most common cause of mitral stenosis worldwide.
Rheumatic heart disease
A blood pressure ≥180/≥120 with acute end‑organ damage defines this condition.
What is a hypertensive emergency?
The 4 core classes of GDMT medication
Beta Blockers
ACE/ARB/ARNI
MRA
SGLT2
This combination beta and alpha blocker is also indicated for heart failure
What is carvedilol?
This murmur gets louder with Valsalva, unlike most others.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Two physical exam signs associated with severe AR (any two)
Corrigan’s pulse, De Musset’s sign, Quincke’s sign, Traube’s sign
This commonly underutilized exam is essential for detecting hypertensive retinopathy and papilledema.
What is the funduscopic exam?
This is the EF threshold to suggest an AICD for a patient after they went through 12 weeks of GDMT
What is <35%
One of these (name only one) cardiac medications is contraindicated if you have a sulfa allergy
What is: Furosemide, Torsemide, Bumetanide, any thiazide diuretic
Aortic stenosis produces this classic murmur shape.
Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
or
Diamond mid-systolic murmur
Acute MR commonly occurs due to rupture of this structure.
Papillary muscle (secondary to MI)
According to guidelines, this medication class is recommended as first line therapy for most patients with hypertension.
What are ACE inhibitors?
Beta Blockers
This medication has a potential side effect of causing gynecomastia.
what is spironolactone?
This sound occurs in early diastole due to rapid ventricular filling and is normal in children
S3
This rare valve disorder causes a diastolic murmur at the lower left sternal border that increases with inspiration.
Tricuspid stenosis
Please name two IV beta blockers that are recommended for hypertensive emergencies involving acute coronary syndromes due to their effect on lowering myocardial oxygen demand.
What are two of these: metoprolol, labetalol or esmolol
This is the level in which you can rule IN congestive heart failure in a patient between the age of 50-75
What is 900?
This oral anti-hypertensive needs to be given 3 times a day for full effectiveness
Hydralazine
A continuous “machine-like” murmur is best heard in this condition.
Patent ductus arteriosus
Indication for valve replacement in chronic AR.
Symptomatic severe AR or EF ≤55% even if asymptomatic
This vulnerable area around the core infarct can become ischemic if blood pressure is lowered too rapidly.
What is the penumbra?
In patients with severe, end-stage CHF, this medication can be administered IV to improve cardiac contractility
Dobutamine