Week 1
These were the three main types of population movements that defined Mongolian imperial demographic policies.
What are deployment, displacement, and replacement?
This scholar examines the transformation and colonization of the European landscape instigated by the demographic and commercial turn with a specific focus on the settlement policies and patterns around Germany and Eastern Europe in the 13th Century.
Who is Robert Bartlett?
This was the legal status given to the “People of the Book” in Islamic states which was a marker of institutional discrimination as well as political tolerance and conviviality.
What is ahl-al Dhimmi?
This scholar and innovator created the precursor of the italic font and aimed to make Greek and Roman classics public in their most original form. He secured various privileges from the Venetian state granting him individual patent rights and ownership of intellectual property marking a significant departure from corporate and communal forms of industrial and economic organization and a shift to individual and private enterprises.
Who is Aldus Manutius?
This specific category of primary sources documents the Aztec imperial expansion and state-building in a visual form.
What are codices?
These items had inscriptions of the following sort on them and were an essential aspect of Pax Mongolica:
“By the power of eternal heaven, on the order of the emperor. Whoever does not show respect will be guilty of offense.”
What is paiza?
This author traces the roots of the Great Famine to before the end of the Medieval Warming Period and the beginning of the Little Ice Age and argues that it was caused by an intricate combination of weather, political, epidemic, and logistical patterns.
Who is William Jordan?
This violent movement targeting minorities in France in 1320 can be read as a symptom of micopatriotism and set loose conspiracy theories about the “others.”
What is the Shepherd’s Crusade?
This humanist scholar was the owner of one of the most important manuscript workshops in Europe. His account of his visit to Federigo da Montefeltro’s Great Library captures his aversion to printed books, the accessibility of manuscripts, and a detailed summary of what kind of books a Renaissance-era library prioritized (Greek and Roman Classics).
Who is Vespasiono de Bisticci?
A 15th Century world map shown in Week 5 belonged to this highly influential family of the Italian Renaissance and depicts India as a source of precious stones and the location of the Garden of Eden, China as a center of Silk production, and demonstrated no indication of the Americas.
Who are the Borgias?
This author presented a detailed account of Mongolian politics, society, and military to the Pope as well as claimed that the Mongols ate any kind of flesh.
Who is John of Plano Carpini?
This author offers a detailed account of this Western Sub-Saharan emperor’s stay in Cairo and documents key elements of Trans-Saharan interconnectivity as well as Saharan commodities.
Who is al-Umari?
This was the place where the Mediterranean – Indian Ocean trade originated and produced the most coveted spices. And these were the four most prominent spices that came from this region.
Where are the Maluku Islands? And what are cloves, nutmegs, cinnamon, and pepper?
This was a mystic Sufi scholar, a polymath, and the tutor of the Ottoman sultan, Mehmed II. In a letter he wrote in 1452, he encouraged the sultan to conquer the city emphasizing on its geopolitical and religious significance, offering him a religious justification, and inviting him to use any pragmatic means necessary.
Who is Sheikh Akshemseddin?
This was the original name of the most centralized and largest empire in the pre-colonial Americas.
What is Tawantinsuyu?
This traveler mistakenly claimed that Kublai Khan introduced paper money as a novelty to Hangzhou.
Who is Marco Polo?
The group of urban youth depicted on the frescoes at this grand cemetery was the likely inspiration for Boccacio’s protagonists in The Decameron.
Where is Camposanto?
This city was the capital of trade in the Islamic world and a key hub on the Red Sea Route and the Mediterranean – Indian Ocean connection. It was also the capital of this state.
Where is Cairo and what is the Mamluk Empire?
This author wrote a letter to a Venetian friar and called for a crusade 15 years before the fall of Constantinople and commented on various aspects of Ottoman imperial expansion including the empire’s commercial connections with the Venetians and Genoese, conversion policies, and the religious and geopolitical importance of the city.
Who is Bartholomeus de Giano?
This 15th Century Portuguese ship design with lateen sails offered significantly higher levels of maneuverability, speed, and ability to sail against the wind and facilitated transoceanic travel.
What is caravel?
This traveler marks both Trans-Saharan interconnectivity with Afro-Eurasia and demographic mobility instigated by Pax Mongolica. And this was the Ottoman ruler he visited in the formative stage of the state.
Who are Ibn Battuta and Orhan?
Unlike his contemporaries, this Muslim author portrays the Black Death as a divine punishment. And this author documents the sociopolitical and economic trauma of the plague in Cairo.
Who are al-Wardi and al-Maqrizi?
These two terms denoted Muslims under Christian rule and Christians under Muslim rule on the Iberian Peninsula respectively.
Who are Mudejars and Mozarabs?
While the Ottoman conquest Constantinople marked a turning point in the application of gunpowder and artillery innovations that informed the earlier stages of the Military Revolution, the empire’s failure at the siege of this city in 1529 corresponded with earlier innovations in fortification methods.
Where is Vienna?
Like the Aztecs, The Incas extensively relied on internal colonization for imperial centralization and expansion. This was the name given to this specific form of internal colonization based on deployment, displacement, and replacement.
What is the mitmaq system?