Jeopardy

General Biology

100

Each DNA nucleotide contains these three things

Deoxyribose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

200

Small circular extrachromosomal DNA with at least one gene naturally found in prokaryotes

plasmid

300

This type of cell contains a nucleus, DNA wrapped around proteins, and membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotic Cell

400

Five Functions of Proteins 

1. Structure

2. Antibodies

3. Transport

4. Enzymes

5. Transport

500

The three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer and what occurs in each

Transformation - Bacteria take up DNA from their environment

Conjugation - bacteria directly transfer genes to another cell

Transduction - phages moves genes from one cell to another

Polymerase Chain Reaction

100

Overall purpose of a PCR reaction 

to amplify DNA

200

Five components required for PCR 

DNA sample, primers, nucleotides, buffer, Taq polymerase

300

Number of copies of DNA after 12 cycles 

4096

400

The steps of PCR and the temperatures for each step

Denaturation (94-95) --> Annealing (50-56) ---> Extension (72)

500

The purposes of primers 

1. Locates (complementary base pairs with) the region of interest in the DNA

2. Provides a free 3’-OH to add dNTPs to

Gel Electrophoresis

100

Purpose of the ladder/ruler/marker

Size comparison in base pairs (bp)

200

Smaller DNA fragments move ________ in the gel

Furthest/fastest

300

DNA is loaded into the gel at the _______, which is _____ charged 

cathode, negatively 

400

The number of bands seen after a plasmid digestion with five restriction sites

Five

500

Two reasons why loading dye is added to the DNA sample 

1. Allows visualization of DNA in the gel

2. Glycerol weighs down DNA

Inoculation and Mini-Prep

100

Reason for antibiotic in medium when inoculating 

Kill the cells that do not contain the plasmids 

200

Tool used to assess purity and quantify DNA

Nanodrop

300

Two differences between solid media and liquid media

1. agar vs broth

2. petri dish vs tubes

3. isolate bacteria vs produce large numbers of bacteria

400

Units for concentration of DNA

ng/uL

500

Five steps of Miniprep

1. Cell harvest

2. Lysis

3. DNA binding

4. Wash

5. Elute

Genetics and Research

100

When a group of scientists get together to discuss and share their thoughts and interpretations about a peer-reviewed article

Journal Club

200

A change in the nucleotide sequence

Mutation

300

Difference between genotype and phenotype 

genotype: The set of genes that an organism has

phenotype: All of the organism’s observable characteristics

400

Disease caused by mutations in more than one gene is called

multifactorial

500

Helps quantify whether a result is likely due to chance or to some factor of interest (p<0.05)

Statistical Significance