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What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix
What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA?
Guanine paired with Cytosine, Adenine paired withThymine
What does a nucleotide consist of?
A sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base
How many strands of DNA and RNA are there?
Two for DNA, one for RNA
What replaces thymine from DNA in RNA?
Uracil
What are the three main types of RNA?
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
What is the function of proteins?
1. Help fight disease
2. Build new body tissues
3. Component of all cell membrane
What are proteins made up of?
A chain of amino acids
What are two steps to make a protein?
Transcription and translation
What are the DNA replication steps?
1. Unwinding
2. Complementary base pairing
3. Joining
RNA carries a copy of the DNA blueprint (instructions) from the nucleus to the ___
Ribosome
Give the correct base pairing for this strand of RNA
AAUUGGCCUU
UUAACCGGAA
Which type of RNA takes the amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
Which type of RNA is made in the nucleus?
mRNA
The function of ______ is to combine with proteins to form ribosomes.
rRNA
What is the primary function of DNA?
To determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule
If 23% of the nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule are guanine, what percentage of the nitrogenous bases will be adenine?
27%
The work of Erwin Chargaff allowed Watson and Crick to determine the rules of.......
Nitrogen base pairing
Where are DNA and RNA found?
DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell and in the mitochondria. Meanwhile, RNA is found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and also in ribosomes.
What is the function of DNA?
Long-term storage of genetic information; transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organisms.
What is the function of RNA?
Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins.
What are the three steps of translation and tell me what each of them do
1. Initiation: it signals the DNA to unwind so the enzyme can ''read'' the bases in one of the DNA strands.
2. Elongation: the mRNA is read one codon at a time, and the amino acid matching each codon is added to a growing protein chain.
3. Termination: Termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA
What is translation?
It is the process through which information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) directs the addition of amino acids during protein synthesis.
A segment of DNA has one strand with the following sequence of bases:
ATGACTGTC
TACTGACAG
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.