Replication
Enzyme that unzips DNA
What is helicase?
RNA polymerase binds to the what?
Promoter
Start Codon
AUG
Mutation that changes a single base
Point mutation
Lactose acts as what?
Inducer
Builds new DNA strands
What is DNA polymerase?
Protein that guides RNA polymerase in bacteria.
Sigma
Adapter molecule
tRNA
Mutation that doesn't change amino acid
Silent
Repressor binds the?
Operator
Forms Okazaki fragments
What is the lagging strand?
Region of DNA removed in eukaryotes.
Introns
Site where peptide bonds form.
P-site
Mutation that introduces stop codon.
Nonsense
Histone acetylation does what?
Increases transcription
Seals fragments
What is ligase?
Structure formed during bacterial termination
Hairpin loop
What causes termination?
Release factor binding stop codon.
Worst type of mutation
Frameshift
DNA methylation effect
Decreases transcription
Why do we need RNA primers?
DNA polymerase cannot start a new chain without a 3' OH
Explain transcription factors
Proteins that help RNA polymerase start transcription.
Explain wobble
One tRNA can bind multiple codons due to flexible third base pairing.
Explain missense vs. nonsense
Missense=new amino acids; nonsense= STOP codon.
Why do eukaryotes lack operons?
They regulate genes individually via complex promoter structure.