Key Concepts
What is the first step in ESP course design that identifies the gap between current and target proficiency?
Needs analysis
Name one internal stakeholder and one external stakeholder in ESP needs analysis.
Internal: students
External: employers
What is a common quantitative tool used to gather learner needs?
a questionnaire
Needs analysis directly informs syllabus design and _______ development.
materials
What term describes the analysis of learners' current skills and situation?
A present-situation analysis
According to Viana et al. (2019), which group of individuals can offer insider task knowledge for ESP courses?
domain professionals/experienced professionals
What kind of interviews should ideally precede structured surveys to uncover unexpected needs?
unstructured interviews
According to Woodrow (2018), which area tends to be downplayed in ESP courses compared to general English?
grammar
What are the three types of needs identified by Hutchinson and Waters (1987), as cited in Woodrow (2018)?
1) necessities, 2) lacks, and 3) wants
What method involves comparing data from multiple sources or methods to enhance reliability?
Triangulation
What analytical method uses real-world language data to identify relevant vocabulary and structures?
corpus analysis
Which ESP learner group needs to speak to Air Traffic Control (ATC) and listen to airport information recordings?
commercial pilots
According to Woodrow (2018), what term refers to the influence of available resources like staff and materials on ESP course design?
constraints analysis or means analysis
According to Viana et al. (2019), which category can be consulted via document analysis to determine which genres and skills are valued for professional advancement?
Institutional stakeholders (including employers, governments, and regulatory agencies)
Name two qualitative methods for collecting needs analysis data.
interviews and observations
What is the final step in the cyclical process of course design after translating needs into syllabus items?
evaluating the course