female infertility
Pathophys of female infertility in endometriosis
Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.. influenced by cyclic menstrual hormones causing dysmenorrhea dyspareunia and other problems depending on site of spread
Pathophys of how exogenous testosterone effects male sperm
blocks the hypothalalmic pituitary gonadal axis ... low GnRH.. decreased intratesticular testosterone low teste size.. low sperm count and zzoospermia
What drug prevents LH surges and thus prevents ovulation?
Ganirelix is a fertility medicine to prevent premature LH surges or ovulation in women undergoing fertility treatment of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Ganirelix is a GnRH antagonist.
How would fetal labs for trisomy 21 present
Low PAPP-A, low AFp and increased b HCG
What is mechanism of action of misoprostol
PGE1 analog that ripens cervix and induces labor
Pathophys of disorder commonly seen along with endometriosis
Adenomyosis: endometrial tissue glands and stroma into the myometrium.. usually Due to invagination of basal layer of endometrium OR metaplasia or remnant progenitor cells
Prematurity causes increased risk of what cause of male infertility?
cryptochoridism
What is one way early development is different in early (1-6 days) of IVF embryo growth
Hatching of zona pellucida
What lysosomal disease has increased incidence in ashkenzi jews? (hint 3)
Tay sachs, niemann pick, and some forms of Gaucher
What receptor does butorphanol/nalbuphine act on
U-opiod receptor partial agonists and Kappa opioid receptor full agonists
Used for severe pain in labor
What is most common cause for damage to basal decidua
Aggressive DnC.. Ashermans syndrome when symptomatic.basal decidua has stem cells
Levels of Inhibin B, LH FSH and testosterone in bilateral cryptorchidism
Low inhibin B and testosterone (sertoli cells very temperature dependent)
High FSH and LH due to increased secretion from pituitary
What is Mechanism of action of the drug that is first started in hormone treatment pre retrieval
Follistim (FSH analog) stimulates ovarian multiple follicular growth in women pre egg retrieval
What monogenic disorder can present at birth as meconium ileus
Cystic fibrosis
When would a doctor use terbutaline, indomethacin or nifedipine?
To decrease contractions in preterm labor and allow time for administration of glucocorticoids or transfer to appropriate medical center
Skin finding related to PCOS
Acanthosis nigricans
What is cause of impaired ciliary dysfunction
Dynein arm defect lead to immotile cilia and dysfunctional ciliated epithelia Kartagener syndrom..
What is in trigger shot ?
Beta hcg.. Mimics LH and triggers ovulation
What amino acids are avoided in metabolic disorder that causes fruity breath and what is the deficient enzyme
Maple syrup urine disease.. avoid Isoleucine leucine valine.. low levels of Branched chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase
In what disorder is glucocorticoids, given to mother to help reduce preterm babys chance of disease
Neonatal respiratory disease
Promotes fetal lung maturity
What condition can cause yellow-brown lesions in superficial peritoneum?
Gun powder lesions in endometriosis
Pathophys of the Most common reversible cause of male infertility
dilated veins in pampiniform plexus due to increased venous pressure.. commmonly left side bc increased resistance to flow from left gonadal vein drainage into left renal vein
Why does trigger shot need to be 36 hours before egg retrieval
Helps stimulate eggs to complete maturation and start ovulation process… stimulates how real ovulation egg needs to be fertilized within one day
Disorder common in ashkenazi jews that presents as abnormally high insulin and low blood sugar
hyperinsulinemia
What stimulates release of the endogenous drug that causes uterine contractions during labor?
Suckling of nipple, warmth, touch and emotional stimuli