Terminology
Leaders
The Middle East
Who Said It?
Potpourri
100
The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.
What is terrorism?
100
This American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1992 to 2000 was in office when Al-Qaeda bombed the US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
What is Bill Clinton?
100
Many historians point to these two events influencing the rise in Islamic terrorism throughout the second half of the 20th century. HINT: One took place in 1948 and other in 1990.
What is the creation of Israel and American troops in the Middle East?
100
"We will make no distinction between terrorists and the nations that harbor them — and hold both to account."
What is George W. Bush?
100
Officially known as the Uniting and Strengthening America by "Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism" Act of 2001, is a US law enacted after the 9/11 attacks. It aims to bolster national security by enhancing surveillance capabilities, removing obstacles to investigations, and increasing penalties for terrorism-related crimes.
What is the PATRIOT Act?
200
The committing of terrorist acts in the perpetrator's own country against their fellow citizens.
What is domestic terrorism?
200
President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. Known for his authoritarian rule, involvement in wars, and eventual removal from power by the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. He was captured in 2003 and later executed in 2006.
What is Saddam Hussein?
200
What is the USS Cole?
200
"It is no secret to you, my brothers, that the people of Islam have been afflicted with oppression, hostility, and injustice by the Judeo-Christian alliance and its supporters. This shows our enemies’ belief that Muslims’ blood is the cheapest and that their property and wealth is merely loot. Your blood has been spilt in Palestine and Iraq."
What is Osama bin-Laden?
200
These two holy cities help tell the story of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam and his struggle to create what would eventually become the second largest religion in the world.
What is Mecca (570 AD) and Medina (622 AD)?
300
To transfer (a major branch of industry or commerce) from private to state ownership.
What is nationalize?
300
This president's importance stems from his role in navigating the end of the Cold War and leading the international coalition during the Gulf War.
What is George HW Bush?
300
A ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority. Osama bin Laden’s was entitled, "Declaration of Jihad
against Americans". In this ruling, he outlined his hatred for Israel, Crusaders, and the United States of America.
What is a fatwa (1996)?
300
“When anyone studies a little or pays a little attention to the rules of Islamic government, Islamic politics, Islamic society and Islamic economy he will realize that Islam is a very political religion. Anyone who will say that religion is separate from politics is a fool; he does not know Islam or politics. Islam is politics or it is nothing.”
What is the Ayatollah Khomeini?
300
A public statement issued by the British Government in 1917 during the First World War announcing its support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, then an Ottoman region with a small minority Jewish population.
What is the Balfour Declaration (1917)?
400
The initial phase of the Persian Gulf War, a period of military preparation and deployment by the United States and a coalition of nations in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. This phase, which lasted from August 2, 1990, to January 17, 1991, focused on building up forces and defending Saudi Arabia, while Operation Desert Storm, the combat phase, followed.
What is Operation Desert Shield?
400
A pivotal figure in Iranian history, holding power from 1941 to 1979. His reign was marked by significant modernization efforts, strong ties with the United States, and ultimately, a revolution that led to his exile and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
What is The Shah?
400
The War in Afghanistan was an armed conflict that took place from 2001 to 2021. Launched as a direct response to the September 11 attacks, the war began when an international military coalition led by the United States invaded Afghanistan, declaring Operation Enduring Freedom as part of the earlier-declared war on terror, toppling the Taliban-ruled Islamic State and establishing the Islamic Republic three years later. During this time, these four men served as President of the United States.
What is George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden?
400
"Kuwait is a borrowed piece of land. The ruling family has been exploiting Kuwait's oil wealth and black-mailing Iraq. Kuwait was part of Iraq and only became independent due to British interference. We shall reclaim what was once rightfully ours."
What is Saddam Hussein?
400
In 1953, the United States Central Intelligence Agency and the UK were involved in overthrowing the government of this Iranian Prime Minister, so as to retain power for Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
What is Mohammad Mosaddegh?
500
Refers to a concept within Islam that can be understood as a striving or struggle, encompassing both internal spiritual struggle and external struggle against injustice or oppression. The Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989), a proxy conflict during the Cold War, is a significant example of how this concept was invoked in a political context, particularly by the Mujahideen (Arabic for "holy warriors") who resisted the Soviet occupation.
What is jihad?
500
His significance stems primarily from his role in negotiating the Egypt-Israel peace treaty and his leadership during the Yom Kippur War. He also initiated "Infitah", a policy that opened Egypt's economy to free market principles. While his peace treaty with Israel earned him the Nobel Peace Prize, it also led to his assassination by Islamic extremists.
What is Anwar Sadat?
500
These three events of 1979 made it the year that changed the Middle East forever.
What is Saddam Hussein takes power in Iraq, Iranian Revolution, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
500
"I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.
"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."
What is Arthur Balfour?
500
A persistent standard of indefinite detention without trial and incidents of torture led the operations of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp to be challenged internationally as an affront to international human rights, and challenged domestically as a violation of the Due Process Clause within this amendment.
What is the Fifth Amendment?