Anatomy
Which is the longest bone in the human body?
The femur
What’s the basic structural and functional unit of all living organism?
The cell
What is the main molecule cells use as an immediate energy source?
ATP
What is the main organ that pumps blood throughout the body?
The heart
Who is known as the “Father of Medicine”?
Hippocrates
Which is the main muscle responsible for breathing?
The diaphragm (Diafragma)
Which type of epithelial tissue forms the lining of blood vessel?
Simple squamous epithelium
What type of bond links amino acids to form proteins?
Peptide bond
What is the main function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen to the tissues.
Which organ in the human body filters blood and produces urine?
The kidney
What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle in the heart?
The mitral
What is the main fiber found in connective tissue that provides tensile strength?
Collagen fibers
Which key enzyme regulates glycolysis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate?
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1).
Which hormone is produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?
Insulin
Which scientist discovered germs as the cause of infectious diseases and promoted antisepsis?
Louis Pasteur
Name the cranial nerves that have only motor function.
III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), VI (abducens), XI (accessory), and XII (hypoglossal).
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
Fibrocartilage
Which coenzyme is required for oxidative decarboxylation reactions in the Krebs cycle and is derived from vitamin B1 (thiamine)?
TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate)
What is the main function of the nephron in the kidney?
To filter the blood and form urine.
Which blood type is considered the “universal donor”?
O-
In which part of the brain is the substantia nigra located?
In the midbrain.
Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?
The mitochondrion
In the electron transport chain, which complex pumps protons and directly participates in reducing oxygen to water?
Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)
Which structure of the nervous system controls involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate?
The brainstem.
Who developed the modern theory of blood circulation and described how blood flows throughout the body?
William Harvey