Migration Basics
What is the difference between migration and immigration?
Migration is general movement of people; immigration means moving to another country to settle permanently.
Who is currently the president of the European Commission?
Ursula von der Leyen
What does the solidarity frame in migration emphasize?
empathy, support, and inclusion—integrating migrants through a “welcome culture.”
What is input legitimacy?
Political participation, representation, and responsiveness
What is the difference between the terms "migrant" and "refugee"
"Migrant” sounds neutral and administrative
“Refugee” implies moral urgency and legal protection.
Name two main causes of migration to Europe since 2015.
conflict, political instability, Economic Inequality, human rights, climate, smuggling
What is the role of the European Parliament?
amends and co-decides on legislation
What is meant by protective concern in the migration debate?
It’s when security measures come from care or compassion, not hostility.
When was the Lisbon treaty implemented?
2009
What is the core argument of the 'migration as crisis' framework proposed by Cantat et al.?
the link between migration and crisis is a social construction, not a natural or automatic outcome of migration dynamics.
What was the peak year/country of the European migration crisis, and why?
2015/Germany, when over 1.8 million migrants arrived due to Middle Eastern conflicts.
What is the main difference between majoritarian and consensus (non-majoritarian) political systems?
Majoritarian systems concentrate power — the majority rules.
Consensus systems share power — decisions require broad agreement and compromise.
How did the Cologne 2016 incident affect public attitudes toward migration?
it caused a temporary spike in fear but did not lead to a lasting negative shift.
What are the three possible combinations according to Rodricks' Trilemma?
Global federalism, Golden Straitjacket, Bretton Woods compromise
According to Cantat et al., the perception of migration as a crisis is the product of an assemblage of what three elements?
Events, Representation, Governance
What is the EU Blue Card, and who is it for?
A residence/work permit for highly skilled non-EU professionals to fill labor shortages.
How do corporatist and pluralist systems differ in lobbying style?
Corporatist = collective, long-term ties; Pluralist = individual, issue-specific lobbying.
Why was the Syrian migration labeled a “crisis,” but the Ukrainian one was not?
Syrian migration was framed as chaotic and threatening; Ukrainians were framed as victims deserving solidarity.
What is the difference between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism
Supranationalism → EU institutions are the main drivers of integration.
Intergovernmentalism → Member states and their leaders are the real decision-makers.
What types of migration are typically disconnected from a 'crisis' lens?
Skilled migration and student migration.
Give me a presentation specific example of an EU externalization policy in migration management?
What long-term challenge does the EU face that makes migration economically necessary?
An aging population and labor shortages threaten competitiveness.
What can companies do when governments impose restrictive immigration policies?
relocate or diversify R&D, strengthen coordination digitally, and “friend-shore” in stable countries.
What are the main strategic options and means through which companies can influence public policy?
relational or transactional; individually or collectively; through Informational lobbying, Constituency building, Financial inducements, Personal incentives
How does the article by Cantat et al. suggest we should view migration instead?
As a normal and structural aspect of global society, requiring sustainable governance not crisis management.