The Universe
This theory proposes the universe began from an extremely hot, dense state about 13.8 billion years ago.
what is the big bang theory
Remains, traces or impressions of organisms preserved in rock layers.
what is a fossil?
The substances present at the start of a chemical reaction.
what are reactants
The molecule that stores genetic information in cells.
what is DNA
The twins who lived eerily different lives were known as:
what is the jim twins
The process in a protoplanetary disk where dust and small particles collide and stick together to form planetesimals and eventually planets.
what is accretion?
Principle stating that in undisturbed rock layers the oldest layers are at the bottom and younger layers form on top.
what is the law of superposition?
This law states mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction
what is law of conservation of mass
Mendel’s principle that alleles separate during gamete formation so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
what is the law of random segregation
DNA is made of three main components
Phosphate, Sugar, Nucleotide
Our Sun spends most of its life in this stage, fusing hydrogen into helium in its core.
What is the main sequence?
The mechanism by which heritable traits that increase survival or reproduction become more common in a population over generations.
what is natural selection
A reaction that releases energy (usually as heat) to the surroundings is called this.
what is an exotermic reaction
If two heterozygous parents (Tt × Tt) are crossed for a single trait where T is dominant, the expected phenotypic ratio in the F₂ generation is this.
What is 3 : 1 (dominant : recessive)?
The large hadron collider does this
accelerates subatomic particles to almost light speed and collides them
Faint background radiation, uniform in all directions, that provides strong evidence of an early hot dense phase of the universe.
what is cosmic background radiation
Similar structures in different species (e.g., forelimbs of mammals) that indicate common ancestry despite differing functions.
Balance this combustion equation: CH₄ + ? O₂ → CO₂ + ? H₂O.
What is CH₄ + 2 O₂ → CO₂ + 2 H₂O?
The phenotypic ratio typically expected from a dihybrid cross (AaBb × AaBb) for independent genes.
What is 9 : 3 : 3 : 1?
___ H3PO4 + ___ KOH -> ___ K3PO4 + ___ H2O
1 3 -> 1 3
The observational relationship that shows galaxies moving away from us with speed proportional to their distance — used as evidence that the universe is expanding.
what is hubbles law
A dating method that uses known decay rates (half-lives) of radioactive isotopes to determine absolute ages of rocks
what is radiometric dating?
Name four factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction (short phrase expected).
What are: higher temperature, greater concentration, larger surface area, and catalysts?
A change in a DNA base sequence that can alter a protein
What are point mutations and frameshift mutations (mutation types)?