PROKARYOTE VS. EUKARYOTE
What are prokaryotic cells?
These cells, like bacteria, are simpler and lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, with DNA floating in the cytoplasm.
What is the powerhouse of the cells?
mitochondria
What is the golgi apparatus?
a vital organelle in eukaryotic cells, acting like the cell's post office by receiving, modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
What is osmosis?
The passive movement of water
How do plants, bacteria and algae get their energy?
photosynthesis
What are eukroyote cells?
complex cells with a membrane-bound nucleus holding DNA and other specialized, membrane-enclosed compartments called organelles (like mitochondria, ER, Golgi)
digests worn out organelles?
lyosomes
movement of substances from high to low concentration without energy.
diffusion
What is an example of osmosis
The egg soaked in vinegar
organelles where photosynthesis occurs
chloroplasts
What are ribosomes?
essential cellular structures, like tiny factories, that synthesize proteins by translating genetic instructions from messenger RNA
large organelle contains the cell's DNA and directs all activities.
nucleus
The universal energy currency used in active transport
ATP
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis
osmosis only occurs in liquids and diffusion occurs in all mediums
The sugar/food and gas that are products of photosynthesis
glucose and oxygen
What is a nucleus?
the central, membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that houses the cell's genetic material (DNA)
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
part of the ER is studded with ribosomes and makes proteins for export.
A specific pump that moves sodium out and potassium in, using energy.
sodium potassium pump
What is turgor pressure?
outward pressure exerted on plant cell wall by cell contents when water is taken in by osmosis
The products of cellular respiration, the reverse of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide, water, and energy
What is uni cellar?
Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular (like yeast) or multicellular (like humans), while prokaryotes are always this.
This flexible boundary is described by the fluid mosaic model
cell membrane
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution with less solute and more water than the cell
What direction does water flow in a cell?
high to low concentration
The process that breaks down glucose without oxygen, producing a little ATP. What is fermentation
anaerobic respiration