Ancient Egypt & Kush
This river was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt, flooding annually and leaving rich silt.
Nile River
This 1884–85 conference divided Africa among European powers without African input
Berlin Conference
A government ruled by a king or queen is known by this term
a monarchy
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in this country from 1948 to the early 1990s
South Africa
Rapid growth of city populations often outpaces housing and services, a process known as this
urbanization
these monumental tombs on the Giza plateau were built for Old Kingdom pharaohs
the pyramids
This European country colonized the Congo Free State under King Leopold II
Belgium
Nigeria practices this system with power shared between a central government and states
federalism
These segregated residential areas were created to separate racial groups under apartheid
townships
This disease, spread by mosquitoes, remains a major public health challenge across many regions
malaria
She was a last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty and allied with Julius Caesar and Mark
Cleopatra
Kwame Nkrumah led this West African country to independence in 1957, the first in sub-Saharan Africa
Ghana
This pan-continental organization, founded in 2002, promotes unity and development among African states
African Union
This anti-apartheid leader was imprisoned for 27 years and later became president in 1994
Nelson Mandela
Overuse of land and changing rainfall patterns can turn fertile areas into desert, a process called this
desertification
This southern neighbor of Egypt, centered at Napata and later Meroë, was rich in iron and trade
Kingdom of Kush
The Mau Mau uprising occurred in this British colony, which gained independence in 1963.
Kenya
This term describes a government where a single party dominates political life, often restricting opposition
a one-party state
In 1960, police opened fire on protesters in this township, killing 69 and galvanizing global opposition
Sharpeville
The reliance on exporting a small number of raw materials makes economies vulnerable to price swings, known as this risk
commodity dependence
This form of Egyptian writing used pictures and symbols and was often carved on temple walls
hieroglyphics
This policy, often called “indirect ... ,” governed through local leaders and was used by the British
indirect rule
This concept describes traditional leadership structures that coexist with modern state institutions in many African countries
dual or hybrid governance
This set of laws required Black South Africans to carry documents controlling movement and employment
pass laws
Conflicts over land, resources, and political power often worsen due to weak institutions; this term describes efforts to resolve and rebuild after such conflicts
peacebuilding