Haushofer
Name one study in the Hausofer paper that demonstrated a causal link between poverty, psychological well-being, and stress levels
What is...
Kenya Drought Study OR Plant Closure in Sweden OR Workers in Declining Industries
What do LMIC and CMD stand for?
Lower middle-income countries and common mental disorder
Why were two studies (laboratory & harvesting) needed to support the authors' claims?
The laboratory study has a great deal of internal validity and illustrates the proposed mechanism, whereas the field study boosts the external validity of the laboratory study (applicability to real world)
What is the difference between absolute and relative poverty?
Absolute poverty is a condition where household income is below a necessary level to maintain basic living standards (food, shelter, housing).
Relative poverty is a condition where household income is a certain percentage below median incomes.
How do these authors define poverty?
Poverty = insufficient income + dysfunctional institutions, exposure to crime, poor access to health care, etc.
What types of studies were selected for review?
Observational and intervention studies reporting epidemiological data on measures of poverty and CMD and their relationship among adults in one or more LMIC
What were the approximate incomes of the lower and upper bound individuals in the laboratory study?
$20,000 - $70,000
What is the Stroop test? Or, give an example of the Stroop test
A demonstration of cognitive interference where a delay in the reaction time of a task occurs due to a mismatch in stimuli.
Name one type of welfare program or intervention that would break the relationships between poverty and the negative factors discussed?
Three possibilities that seem promising for breaking the cycle and improving welfare: The first is to target poverty directly, the second is to target its psychological consequences, and the third is to target the economic behaviors
Name four types of poverty measures reviewed in this paper
Education; income; employment; housing and living environment; financial stress; consumption; food insecurity; social class and socio-economic status (SES).
What did the researchers find to be the most compelling explanation for the decrease in cognitive function during poverty?
Poverty captures attention, triggers intrusive thoughts, and reduces cognitive resources
What is a bivariate analysis?
Simultaneous analysis of two variables to determine relationships between the two.
Name two studies that demonstrated a causal link between poverty, psychological well-being, and stress levels
What is...
Kenya Drought Study OR Plant Closure in Sweden OR Workers in Declining Industries
How many countries were represented in their studies?
33
What are "training effects" and how could they impact the study?
It is the effect of a group doing better on a test because they are taking it for a second time. They could skew the data.
What is a liquidity constraint and how is it relevant to this topic?
It is a constraint on the amount of money an individual can borrow.
What does the Yerkes-Dawdson Law State?
That stress and performance may exhibit a nonlinear relationship resembling an inverted U
Name two factors that showed a consistent, positive correlation with CMD throughout the studies and two factors that showed relatively little correlation
Positive: education, food insecurity, housing, social class, SES and financial stress
Little correlation: income, employment and consumption
Explain the mechanism of the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test and its applicability to the laboratory experiment.
The Raven’s Test involves a sequence of shapes with one shape missing (27). Participants must choose which of several alternatives best fits in the missing space
It measures “fluid intelligence,” or the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations.
What are windfall gains?
An unexpected gain in income