Andrew Jackson
This 1830 law forced Native American tribes to move west of the Mississippi River.
the Indian Removal Act
This power source transformed factories and transportation in the early 1800s.
steam power
This phrase describes the belief that the United States was meant to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Manifest Destiny
The U.S. claimed this river was the Texas–Mexico border.
the Rio Grande
This idea claimed Jackson gave government jobs to loyal supporters rather than qualified candidates.
Spoils System
This invention by Eli Whitney increased cotton production—and also increased the demand for enslaved labor.
the cotton gin?
This 1803 purchase doubled the size of the United States.
the Louisiana Purchase
This U.S. president was determined to fulfill Manifest Destiny and pushed for expansion into Mexican territory.
James K. Polk
This financial institution Jackson strongly opposed, believing it favored the wealthy.
the Second Bank of the United States
Samuel Morse revolutionized communication with this invention.
the telegraph
This territory became an independent republic in 1836 before joining the U.S.
Texas
This treaty ended the war and transferred large territories to the U.S.
the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This event occurred when South Carolina tried to nullify a federal tariff.
the Nullification Crisis
This innovation, developed by interchangeable‑parts manufacturing, allowed broken machines to be easily repaired by swapping identical components.
interchangeable parts
Manifest Destiny often resulted in this negative effect on Native American cultures.
loss of land, culture, or forced removal
The U.S. paid Mexico this amount for the Mexican Cession.
$15 million
Jackson ignored this Supreme Court ruling protecting Cherokee sovereignty.
Worcester v. Georgia
This idea led business owners to believe the government should not interfere with business.
laissez‑faire economics
This land deal added parts of present‑day Arizona and New Mexico to the U.S. to support building a southern transcontinental railroad.
Gadsden Purchase
Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States gained land that would eventually become all or part of seven present‑day states. Name at least four of them.
California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming