DNA Structure
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
How many cells do we get from mitosis?
2
How many cells do we create in meiosis?
4
What is binary fission similar to: mitosis or meiosis?
MItosis
What does A, T, C, G stand for?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
Genetic diversity
What does PMAT stand for?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
How many times do we do PMAT in meiosis?
2
What is one advantage to asexual reproduction?
They reproduce quickly, less energy, more offspring
What are the sides of DNA made of?
Sugar-Phosphate
What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
Takes more energy and time, fewer offspring
What do we call the phase where the cell grows and does its functions?
(hint: it’s before mitosis!)
Interphase
What kind of cells do humans create after meiosis?
Haploid, genetically different cells, gametes
What is one disadvantage to asexual reproduction?
They have less genetic diversity, may lead to extinction more easily
If I gave you one strand of DNA, what do we call the other side of DNA?
Ex. AGA (original strand) to TCT (___________)
Complementary Strand
What is the difference between external and internal fertilization?
Name one example of eac
External: fertilization occurs outside the female (ex. fish)
Internal: fertilization occurs inside the female (ex. humans)
What do we call the stage AFTER mitosis where the cell splits into two?
Cytokinesis
When do crossover events happen in meiosis and how does it contribute to genetic variation?
Prophase I, by mixing up the genes in homologous chromosomes, you get different chromatids.
What role does asexual reproduction play in cloning?
Cloning involves having identical copies of an organism’s DNA, which is just like asexual reproduction.
What is the difference between: chromosome, chromatid, chromatin, and genes?
Chromosome: I or X shaped condensed DNA
Chromatid: condensed DNA in I shape
Chromatin: ropes of DNA condensed together
Gene: specific parts of DNA that code for a certain trait
With your knowledge of sexual reproduction, predict on what the significance of mate selection and courtship behavior is in sexual reproduction?
Select for genetically favourable genes (higher survivability)
What would happen to a cell that grows/develops incorrectly? How does the body recognize that it is growing incorrectly?
Apoptosis (the cell self-destructs) during a checkpoint
What traits do homologous chromosomes have
( what they have in common?)
Similar sizes/shape and genes in similar places
Name all 5 types of asexual reproduction and an example of each.
Binary Fission: Bacteria
Budding: Yeast, Hydra
Fragmentation: Hydra, Seastars
Vegetative Reproduction: Strawberries/Potatoes
Spore Formation: Dandelion, Moss, Fern, Fungi