Cellular Respiration
What is ATP?
This molecule is the main energy currency of the cell.
What is the glycolysis?
This first stage breaks glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules.
During exercise, the demand for this molecule increases dramatically because it directly powers muscle contraction.
ATP molecule
The creation of new mitochondria is called this.
mitochondrial biogenesis
This process joins mitochondria together.
fusion
What is the mitochondrion?
This organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration
How many ATP is produced during the Glycolysis (net gain)?
2 ATP molecules
This type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movement and makes up roughly 40% of body mass.
skeletal muscle
This protein is known as the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
PGC-1α
This process separates damaged parts of mitochondria.
fission
What is oxygen in terms of cellular respiration?
Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC
What is pyruvate oxidation?
This process converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
Compared with resting conditions, exercise causes a rapid increase in the rate of this cellular process that regenerates ATP.
Cellular respiration
This protein acts as the cell’s fuel gauge.
AMPK
This process removes and recycles damaged mitochondria.
mitophagy
What are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP?
Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into these 3 products.
What is produced during the Krebs Cycle?
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2
Endurance training improves the body’s ability to produce this.
ATP
This signaling protein helps convert exercise stress into adaptation.
p38 MAPK
This protein is essential for mitochondrial fission.
DRP1
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
This stage of cellular respiration produces most ATP
Where does the Electron transport chain takes place?
The electron transport chain (ETC) occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells
Exercise increases demand for ATP because this process requires energy.
muscle contraction
These two exercise types produce the greatest mitochondrial adaptations.
endurance training and HIIT
These two proteins identify and tag damaged mitochondria for removal.
PINK1 and Parkin