Chest Pain/EKGs
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
Antibodies created in a type I hypersensitivity are contained in which immunoglobulin
IgE
Calcaneal Fractures are associates with these two types of other fractures:
Vertebral body fractures and Tibial Plateau Fractures
Name the two classification systems for tarsometatarsal joint dislocation/fracture:
Hardcastle
Quenu and Kuss
Name the drug given to reverse narcotic overdose:
On an EKG, ventricular contraction is represented by?
The QRS complex
Define Anaphylactoid:
Anaphylactoid Rx-not immunologically precipitated, occurs after initial exposure
Crush Fracture
3 or more K wires are required for joint stability in this type of the Hardcastle classification:
Type C-divergent
What is the ABCDE of primary survey?
Airway Maintenance
Breathing and Ventilation
Circulation with hemorrhageD control
Disability: neurologic check
Exposure of patient
What is the treatment for chest pain with shock, hypotension, increased venous pressure and/or pulmonary edema?
1. Insert large bore IV
2. ABG STAT
3. EKG/CXR
4. Examine pt
5. Urinary Catheter and monitor fluid status
What is the goal of treatment for patients in shock?
Restore organ perfusion
What are the first priorities in treatment of closed fractures?
Neurovascular status and tendon function.
What is the treatment for Cuneiform and Cuboid fractures?
Cast Immobilization
How many units of blood can the Pelvis, Femur and Tibia lose in a fracture?
Pelvis-6 units
Femur-3 units
Tibia-1 and 1/2 units
Differential diagnoses for chest pain associated with shock, hypotension, increased venous pressure and/or pulmonary edema?
myocardial infarction
pulmonary embolism
acute heart failure
pericardial effusion
cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, aortic dissection, leaking aortic aneurysm
What is rule for fluid replacement?
3:1
300 ml of electrolyte solution for every 100ml blood loss
A true Jones fracture mechanism corresponds to what type in the stewart classification
What is the mechanism and location on the talus of a wafer shaped lesion?
dorsiflexion-inversion causes an antero-lateral shallow wafer shaped lesion
dorsal dislocation of the proximal phalanx and sesamoids with complete disruption of the intersesamoidal ligament and transverse fracture of either sesamoid is classified as what? and what is the treatment?
Jahss Type IIC and open reduction
On an EKG, this represents ventricular relaxation
T wave
Name the signs of shock:
-Tachycardia
-Tachypnea
-Decreased capillary filling
-Narrowed pulse pressure
-change in mental status
In what plane should metatarsal deformity be minimized to avoid metatarsalgia and/or fracture of adjacent metatarsals?
Sagittal
Vertical Fracture of the Talar neck with STJ and ankle joint dislocation, all three sources of blood supply are disrupted.
Hawkins Type III
Incidence of AVN in Hawkins Type II?
40%