Cardiovascular - Heart
the vessels that bring blood to the heart; the vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
What is a vein & an artery?
The formed elements of blood.
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.
The chemical inspiration brings in; the chemical expiration draws out.
What is O2 and CO2?
The vessel bringing blood to the kidneys.
What is a renal artery?
Disease characterized by high blood pressure.
What is hypertension?
The largest artery in the body; supplies organs with filtered blood.
What is the aorta?
The hormone that stimulated RBC formation in bone marrow.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
The law that governs ventilation in the lungs.
What is Boyle's Law?
The three regions of the kidney, starting from the innermost region.
What is the renal pelvis, renal medulla, and renal cortex?
Two types of upper respiratory tract infections.
What are [Viral infections, sinusitis, tonsilitis, or laryngitis]?
Circuit which brings deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the rest of the body.
What is the pulmonary circuit?
The five types of leukocytes.
x2 Bonus - which are granular, and which are agranular?
What are monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils?
The two structures that are in the trachea responsible for excretion of wastes.
What are cilia and goblet cells?
The site in the kidney where filtration occurs.
what is the glomerulus?
Two types of COPD.
What are [chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma]?
The way in which the CV system maintains homeostasis with the respiratory system and the urinary system.
Respirator: blood carries O2 from respiratory and waste of CO2 to maintain pH.
Urinary: carries waste to the kidneys, provides nutrients & O2 to the system; kidneys secrete EPO
What physical mechanism drives water into capillary beds and fluid out of the capillary?
What is osmosis?
It is the reason why CO2/O2 exchange occurs in the lungs, and how it interacts with other systems in the body.
Why does oxygen get supplied to the cells, providing ATP so that other tissues can function, and excrete CO2 waste?
The four main products of metabolic waste.
What is urea, creatinine, ammonium, and uric acid?
What is the main mechanism(s) of urinary system treatments?
Through dialysis - CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis)
The sequence of blood in the heart.
List major veins/arteries, both atriums, both ventricles, and valves.
What is the vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta?
The sequence of events for clotting.
1. puncture - blood leaks out
2. platelets form a plug
3. prothrombin -> thrombin -> fibrinogen -> fibrin
4. serum fills out the clot.
The sequence of the gas pathway in the respiratory system.
What is larynx -> pharynx -> trachea -> primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli?
The sequence of WASTE in the nephron.
Start from the afferent arteriole.
afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> waste gets collected in the glomerular capsule -> collecting duct -> ureters -> urinary bladder -> urethra
Three mechanisms of treating clogged arteries in the cardiovascular system.
1. Coronary bypass operation
2. Gene therapy
3. Angioplasty