Jeopardy: Exam 3

Arguments

100

This is the definition of "argument" that we have been using in class all semester. 

Some number of premises put forward in favor of a conclusion. 

200

This kind of argument is intended to show that its conclusion is guaranteed. 

A deductive argument

300

This kind of argument is intended to show that its conclusion is probably true. 

An inductive argument

400

When an inductive argument has premises that support its conclusion, but the premises may or may not be true, it is this kind of argument. 

A strong argument

500

When a strong inductive argument has all true premises, it is this kind of argument. 

A cogent argument

Mill's Methods 1

100

Mill's Methods are intended to demonstrate a relationship between ______ and ______. 

Cause and effect

200

This method is based on finding a commonality in a wide range of varied situations that lead to a common effect.

The method of agreement. 

300

This method is based on comparing the case where a cause is absent and the case where a cause is present to determine if that has some influence on the outcome.

The method of difference

400

This method is based on the idea that differences in the quantity of a cause influences the quantity of the effect.

The method of concomitant variation

500

This method is based on an inference about partial causal contributions.

The method of residues. 

Mill's Methods 2

100

Name the method:

TUVX --> Y

TUV- --> ~Y

The method of difference

200

Name the method: 

PQX --> Y

XRE --> Y

ABX --> Y 

The method of agreement

300

Name the method:

A + B caused X

A caused part of X

So, B caused the rest of X

The method of residues

400

Name the method:

J K More X --> More Y

J K Moderate X --> Moderate Y

J K Less X --> Less Y 

The method of concomitant variation.

500

The full name of the philosopher who created Mill's Methods 

John Stuart Mill

Analogies

100

This is the example that an arguer appeals to when making an analogical argument. 

Source Analogue

200

This is the topic of an analogical argument's conclusion. 

Target Analogue

300

The source analogue and target analogue have this in common. 

Similarities 

400

This is the characteristic or feature established in the conclusion of an analogical argument. 

Target Property

500

This is the basic idea behind an analogical argument and links the similarities to the target property. 

General Principle

Biases and Generalizations

100

A representative sample of a population needs to have two characteristics (name at least one). 

Large and randomized

200

A sample of a population is random when...

...each member has an equal chance of being selected. 

300

This fallacy, discussed earlier in the semester, involves generalizing about a population based on an inadequate sample. 

Hasty generalization

400

This bias (discussed earlier in the semester) involves a tendency for people more easily finding evidence in favor of their beliefs. 

Confirmation Bias

500

According to this result, a randomized sample approaches a normal distribution the larger it becomes. 

The Central Limit Theorem