voice
name the KEY difference between spasmodic dysphonia and muscle tension dysphonia.
also name some things to do with the client to formulate a diagnosis of SD or MTD.
SD is VOICED consonants only
MTD is CONSTANT across ALL
-quiet breathing, counting 1 to 10 in regular, whisper, and falsetto voice, explore variation of their pitch and loudness, singing or crying, etc.
explain the WHO-ICF model
explain the SETT model
(be prepared to use either in a case study)
WHO-ICF looks at health and wellbeing of individuals and the population, body structure and function, activities, and participation.
SETT looks at student (strength/weakness, motivators), Environment (previous/current AT, support), Tasks (expectations, success rate, difficult tasks), and tools (AT, bridge the gap between student and tasks in the environment
Overall goals (2) for ASD and how is it accomplished?
Types of visual supports used to support people with ASD.
4 parameters in the continuum of naturalness? explain.
useful speech by age 5 and teaching meaningful tools for accomplishing social goals. Accomplished by increasing motivation to communicate, make therapy fun, use activities that promote generalization, and use EBP.
Visual schedules and visual supports (boundaries, cues, and structured tasks)
1. activity (drill to daily routine) 2. physical context (clinic to home carryover) 3. social context (clinician to parents/peers) 4. intervention focus (clinician directed changes to child directed)
3 types of voice disorders and what they're caused by.
(review which problems belong where such as polyps, nodules, laryngomalacia, etc.)
Organic- structural deviation or disease to structures in vocal tract.
Neurogenic: muscle control & innervation of the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, or articulatory muscles. May be impaired due to injury or disease of PNS or CNS or from birth.
explain functional communication training
explain milieu training or incidental teaching or total communication (all mean the same thing)
FCT: addresses challenging behaviors by providing a functional equivalent
Milieu: 1. manipulate natural environment, 2. target goals in these contexts, 3. utilize prompting and scaffolding, 4. respond to any/all communication attempts for positive reinforcement.
Explain and name a highly STRUCTURED intervention approach.
Explain and name HYBRID (NDBI) intervention approaches.
Explain and name a highly NATURAL intervention approach.
Know what PECS is and steps to teaching pecs. (On final studying guide)
Discrete Trial Training breaks skill down into small discrete units, systematic reinforcement of child's responses, meet the child where they are and build.
EMT, PMT, JASPER, SCERTS teach functional language using the format of natural conversation, reinforcement is based on natural consequences, and used to promote generalization and teach skills that are immediately functional. More in depth on each individual approach on final exam study guide.
BOTH USE REINFORCEMENT AND MODELS.
Facilitated play is child led in a natural environment through play-based activities.
explain throughly:
Maximum Phonation Time
S/Z ratio
VHI
Auditory Perceptual Rating
CAPE-V
MPT: following maximum inhale, sustain /a/ at most comfortable pitch and loudness. Take average of 3
S/Z ratio: indirect index of laryngeal airflow. High index correlates lesion or glottic insufficiency due to VF paralysis or bowing.
VHI: a prom (patient reported outcome measurement) including function, emotional, and physical aspects.
Auditory- perceptual ratings: measured by SLP (CAPE-V and GRBAS)
CAPE-V: assesses roughness, breathiness, strain, pitch, loudness, fry, etc.
Be familiar with the communication bill of rights (summed up: EVERYONE regardless of disability has the RIGHT to communicate wants, needs, and thoughts about themselves or others to advocate for themselves and form relationships.)
explain social networks
explain functional communication profile
explain communication matrix
explain participation inventory
Social networks: assist in creating goals based on communication partners to foster successful AAC use (patient and closest family/friends like family, good friends and people they know, community with unfamiliar people, professional/medical relationships)
Functional communication profile: not standardized, assesses client's language-based responses in peer situations (communication modality, communication ability, and degree of independence)
Communication matrix: not standardized. aids in understanding communication status, progress, and needs of client.
Participation inventory: list of key activities for the client across environments
Challenging skills for adolescents and adults with ASD?
Explain the social thinking curriculum.
Explain the superflex curriculum. (hint: with the superhero characters)
Explain the I-LAUGH model of social cognition
difficulty with social exchanges, poor impulse control, unaware of physical strength, poor emotional regulation, theory of mind, code-switching, etc.
created by MICHELLE GARCIA WINNER, the major themes include paying attention makes other feel good, thinking about how others are thinking/feelings, learning to observe other peoples' behaviors, realize that others are also thinking about you, and social thinking happens in all environments.
Superflex is used to promote self regulation, social thinking, and related skills. Self-focused.
I=initiation of language, L=listening with eyes and brain, A=abstract and inferential language/communication, U=understanding perspectives, G=getting the big picture, H= humor and human relatedness. Sections 1-7 discuss social language and how to use it to create meaningful relationships while being emotionally aware of those around us.
explain throughly:
dynamic range
Maximum phonation frequency
Vocal intensity
FF/Intensity (2)
jitter/shimmer (2)
tidal/residual volume (2)
inspiratory/expiratory reserve volume (2)
DR: physiological range of intensities without strain (whisper to shout)
MPF: range of frequencies (lowest tone to highest falsetto)
FF-hertz (pitch) / Vocal Intensity (dB) (loudness)
Jitter: short term variability in ff (best for research)
Shimmer: short term variability in amplitude (most often used for research)
Tidal: amount of air inhaled/exhaled in normal breathing cycle
Residual: amount of air in lungs after MAX exhalation
IRV: max amount of air able to be inhaled after tidal inhalation
ERV: max amount of air able to be expired after tidal exhalation
4 areas of communicative competence
what is the gold standard for teaching aac use?
What techniques have been disproven to work in teaching acc by ASHA?
4 main medicaid billing codes to know (in general)
operational
linguistic
social
strategic
The gold standard for teaching aac is AIDED LANGUAGE STIMULATION. The facilitator highlights and uses icons on device while teaching the user.
DON'T use facilitated communication or rapid prompting
200: general OT/PT/ST info
214: TX planning
230: Request for device eval
207: local education agency
Explain the T-STEP program.
What are the social skills needed for employment?
LT goals for children vs adults?
Medical definition vs educational definition
intervention developed to support transition to employment and/or secondary education settings. 1. goal setting and self advocacy, 2. executive functioning skills, 3. emotional regulation skills, 4. social communication skills.
coordination, mentoring, persuasion, service orientation, and social perceptiveness.
LT goals for children with ASD typically include social communication, language and related cognitive skills, speech sound production, behavioral and emotional regulation, and feeding. LT goals for adults typically include social conventions, social problem solving, reading body language, conversational skills, and written communication.
Medical definition of autism says it must adversely affect ADL's, persistent deficits in social communication and interactions, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, and symptoms are present in the early development period that cause significant impairments in functions. The educational definition says it adversely affects a child's educational performance and generally evident before age 3.
explain and name abductor, adductor, tensor, and relaxer muscles.
Explain Biological functions of larynx
layers of TVF (5)
Explain myoelastic aerodynamic theory
ABDUCTOR: SEPARATE arytenoids (PCA)
ADDUCTORS: CLOSE arytenoids (TA, LCA, IA)
TENSOR: ELONGATE and TENSE vf (CT)
RELAXER: SHORTEN vf (thyromuscularis)
the larynx acts as a respiratory valve, provides abdominal fixation, and airway protection during swallow.
Layers of TVF: epithelium (vibrates the most, needs 48 hours of healing post SX), superficial lamina propria (renikes space here), intermediate, deep, and vocalis muscle.
myoelastic aerodynamic theory explains vocal fold movement and vibration using bernoulli principle.
How many people use AAC? world wide? USA?
Obstacles with dual sensory impaired users?
Know dynamic vs static
Know aided vs unaided
Know core vs fringe (4:1)
Know alternative vs augmentative
Know high tech vs low tech
worldwide users: 97 million
USA users: 5 million
May not be able to use eye gaze and aac may be harder to learn.
free pass for you to go look at the intervention programs chart. Be prepared for a case study and which intervention program to utilize.
YOU'RE DOING AMAZING SWEETIE