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Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Vocabulary
100
List examples of Physical and Chemical Change
What is Physical: Change of State, Malleability Chemical: Combustion, Reactivity, Oxidation
100
Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable fuels
What is Renewable fuels are reproducible and renew themselves cycle after cycle. Non renewable ones produce once and die completely or eventually die off.
100
Name the Physical Properties of Nonmetals
What is Luster, Brittleness, Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Conductivity
100
Describe the Reactants and the Products in a Chemical Reaction
What is A reactant is a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction and a product is a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction.
100
Define Mass
What is anything that has mass & volume
200
Define and differentiate Atoms and Molecules
What is An atom is the smallest particle in an element while a combination of two or more atoms forms a molecule. Whereas molecules can be broken down to individual atoms, atoms cannot hence retain the properties of the element.
200
Describe the different forms of energy (nuclear, chemical, thermal, electrical, electromagnetic & Sound)
What is Nuclear energy is Energy that comes from the nucleus of an atom's Chemical energy is is a form of Potential Energy, that depends on the arrangement of the atoms in a compound. Thermal energy is kinetic energy due to the movement of the particles that make up the object. Electrical energy is the energy of moving electrons. Electromagnetic energy is produced by the vibration’s of electrically charged particles. Sound energy is caused by an object’s vibrations.
200
Define Valence Electron
What is is an electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
200
Describe and differentiate Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
What is An Exothermic Reaction releases heat, while an Endothermic Reaction is takes in heat.
200
Define energy
What is the ability to work
300
Describe Solids, Liquids and Gases in terms of particle motion, shape and volume
What is Gas: assumes the shape and volume of its container, lots of free space between particles, flows easily Liquid: assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies , little free space between particles, flows easily Solid: retains a fixed volume and shape, little free space between particles, does not flow easily.
300
Describe an energy conversion/transformation, and give examples of energy conversions for the different forms of energy.
What is a change from one type of energy to another. A television changes electrical energy into sound and light energy. A car changes chemical energy from fuel into thermal energy and mechanical energy. Nuclear energy generates a tremendous amount of thermal energy, which can be converted into electrical energy in a nuclear power plant.
300
Describe Ionic Bonds, Covalent bonds, and Metallic bonds.
What is Ionic: Between metals and nonmetals, V.E. transferred; metal loses nonmetals gains (one loses, one gains), dull, brittle,soluble, good conductor when melted. Covalent: between nonmetals and nonmetals, V.E. shared pairs of electrons, Dull, does not conduct, not soluble, not malleable. Metallic: Between metals and metals, V.E. overlap & electrons can move between ions, shiny, malleable, not soluble, good conductor
300
Describe and differentiate Polymers and Monomers
What is Polymers are molecules composed of the same group of repeating atoms, while Monomers are a group of repeating atoms in a Polymer.
300
Define Isotope
What is a variation of the same element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
400
List and describe three ways how to separate mixtures
What is Gravity / Centrifuge- Lets parts settle out. Filtration- Filter traps larger sized particles. Distillation- Separate liquids with different boiling points. Heat mixture up until one becomes a gas, remove gas and allow to cool and become a liquid.
400
Evaluate the advantages & disadvantages of using various energy resources
What is Hydro: Advantages: Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is high. Disadvantages: Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard. Fossil Fuels: Advantages: their capacity to generate huge amounts of electricity in just a single location. Disadvantages: nonrenewable and pollution
400
Describe Ions, how Ions form, Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds
What is An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. An Ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another so that each ion has a full set of electrons in their outer energy layer. An Ionic Compound is formed by combining ions (net charge is neutral).
400
Describe how Temperature, Surface Area, Concentration, Catalysts and Inhibitors can change the rate of a Chemical Reaction?
What is Increasing the surface area increases the amount of particles that are exposed to the reaction, heating substances mean their particles have more energy and move faster, increasing the concentration to the reactants increases the number of particles of reactants, all speed up the rate. Catalysts increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction. Inhibitors are used to decrease the rate of reaction.
400
Define Organic Chemistry
What is the study of organic molecules (contains Carbon & Hydrogen)
500
List examples of Physical and Chemical Properties
What is Physical: Melting point, boiling point, state Chemical: Reactivity, oxidation, flammability
500
Give examples of how thermal energy is always a result of energy conversion/transformation.
1. Conduction; a pan getting hot from the stove. 2. Convection; the thermal currents in the ocean or in the atmosphere. 3. Radiation; the thermal energy coming to the Earth from the Sun through infrared waves.
500
Differentiate between Single Bonds, Double Bonds and Triple Bonds
What is A single bond is where one pair of electrons are shared. A double bond is where two pairs of electrons are shared. A triple bond is where three pairs of electrons are shared.
500
List the Signs of a Chemical Reaction
What is Changes in Properties, Precipitate, Gas Production, Color Change, Release of Energy, Absorption of Energy, Light given off.
500
Define Gamma Radiation
What is high energy waves emitted during alpha and beta decay.