States of Matter
What are the three common states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What is the standard molar volume of 1 mole of gas at STP?
22.4L
A mixture that is uniform throughout, like salt water, is called what?
Homogeneous mixture
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. What law is this?
Law of Conservation of Energy
What is the pH range of an acidic solution?
0 to less than 7
What is the term for a liquid changing into a gas?
Vaporization (or boiling/evaporation)
Which gas law relates pressure and volume when temperature is held constant?
Boyle’s Law
What is the term for a substance that can be dissolved in a given solvent?
Soluble
Does an endothermic reaction absorb or release heat?
Absorbs heat
According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what is an acid?
A hydrogen ion (H+) donor.
This theory describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion
Kinetic Molecular Theory
What happens to the volume of a gas if the temperature increases?
The volume increases (Charles’ Law)
What is the formula for calculating Molarity?
M=n/v (M = Molarity (mol/L or M)
n= Moles of solute
V= Volume of solution in liters
What is the specific heat of a substance?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
What two substances are always produced in a neutralization reaction?
A salt and water.
Which intermolecular force is the strongest: dispersion, dipole-dipole, or hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonding
Calculate the new pressure if a 2.0L gas sample at 1.0atm is compressed to 0.5L at constant temperature.
4.0atm
If you add more solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration, what is this process called?
Dilution
On a heating curve, what is happening to the temperature during a phase change?
The temperature remains constant
If the pH of a solution is 3, what is the pOH?
11 (since pH + pOH = 14)
Explain why grass growing is an example of both a chemical and physical change
It is chemical because photosynthesis creates new substances and physical because the grass increases in size and height.
Which law would you use to find the missing variable if pressure, volume, and temperature are all changing?
Combined Gas Law
Describe the difference between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous mixture using examples.
Heterogeneous mixtures have visible different parts (like salad or sand), while homogeneous mixtures look the same throughout.
How much heat energy does it take to warm up 50g of water from 20°C to 30°C? (Use 4.18 J/g°C as the heat capacity)
2,090 J (q = mx c x delta T)
What laboratory technique is used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base?
Titration