Roofs
What is the function of a collar tie?
To prevent the force of the load on the rafters forcing the support wall outward
Where would you position a hinge on the door?
150mm down from the top of the door to the top of the hinge and 225mm up from the bottom of the door to the bottom of the hinge
What type of trees are the following produced from?
Softwoods Hardwoods
Softwoods = evergreen or coniferous trees
Hardwoods = deciduous trees
What is formwork?
Temporary construction designed to contain wet concrete until it has set
The sharp edge of an intersection of two surfaces is known as…..
Name four different types of roofs.
Lean to
Flat
Mono Pitch
Gambrel
Hip End
Gable End
Jerkin Head
Mansard
What are ‘muntins’?
Smaller, optional, vertical boards that run between two rails. Splits the door into two or more columns of panels.
Name three types of softwoods & three types of hardwoods.
Softwoods = Scots Pine, Western Red Cedar, Norway Spruce, Sitka Spruce, Douglas Fir, Parana Pine, Southern Yellow Pine, Eastern White Pine, Elliottii Pine
Hardwoods = maple, Ash, Birch, Beech, Oak, Walnut, Mahogany, Teak, Obeche, Ramin, Sapele, Iroko
Name and explain the two different types of formwork.
Precast (mould boxes), mass-produced, used for building blocks, paving slabs, fencing, sills, kerbs.
In situ (shuttering) – assembled on site, form part of the structure in actual position, used for columns, walls, floors, beams, stairs
What is the role of a Quantity Surveyor?
Advises on cost
Advises on contractor
Creates the ‘Bill of Quantities’
Explain the difference between trimmer, trimmed and trimming joists.
Trimmed Joists – cut short to form an opening in the floor
Trimmer Joists – is at right angles to the bridging joists in order to support the ends of the trimmed joists
Trimming Joists – spans the same as the bridging joist but supports the end of the trimmer joist
How much of a gap should be left around the door and frame or lining? Clearance joint/gap.
2-3mm
Name one advantage and one disadvantage for tangential sawing.
Good structural strength
Shrinking of boards in width
Warps
In relation to arches, what components make up a ‘centre’?
Ribs
Lagging
Ties
Struts
Bearers
List three properties of silicone sealants.
High resistance to water
Elevated resistance to temperature changes
Enhanced flexibility
Excellent adhesion to porous / non-porous material
Name three methods of adding a slope to a flat roof (flat roofs still have a slope):
Level Joists
Sloping Joists
Diminishing Firrings
Why would you use a wood pellet cutter on external door frames?
For plugging the frames or camouflage frame fixings
Give four reasons for drying timber.
More stable & stronger
Less prone to distortion
Lighter so easier to handle
More resistant to fungal and insect attack
Easier to work once dry
Glues & finishes work better
Explain what is meant by the following:
Easing Striking
Easing = the centre is eased from the arch soffit by gradually lowering the centre 3 or 4mm over a period of time
Striking = dismantling of metal adjustable props
List the three main components of a timber stud partition.
Stud
Head / Sole
Noggin (bridging)
What type of rafter is used in the centre of the hip end?
Crown Rafter
Name five different types of locks.
Pin Cylinder Tumbler Lock
Cylinder Night latch
Shallow Mortice Lock
Deep Mortice Lock
Mortice Dead Lock
Mortice Latch
Name five different categories of manufactured boards.
Plywood
Particleboard
Oriented Strand Board
Fibre Building Boards
Laminated Wood Panels
Provide four basic requirements or properties of formwork.
Containment – capable of supporting the wet concrete when it dries
Strength – taking loads
Resistance to leaks
Accuracy / Consistency
Ease of handling
Access – safe access for placing & pouring concrete
In relation to Health & Safety, what do the following colours stand for? Red, Yellow, Green, Blue
Red = Prohibition
Yellow = Warning or Danger
Green = Positive Action
Blue = Mandatory & Information